When Tom Pauken was appointed chairman of the Texas Workforce Commission in 2008, he said, one thing particularly surprised him: “this notion that everybody needs to go to a four-year university and blue-collar jobs are not as good as ‘knowledge industry’ jobs.”
According to the workforce commission, the occupation expected to add the most jobs in Texas between 2008 and 2018 is fast-food services.
The availability of jobs in Texas has been a point of state pride and was — at least, at one time — a cornerstone of Gov. Rick Perry’s pitch to voters. And as Pauken has eagerly pointed out in public speeches, a significant portion of the state’s job offerings don’t require four years’ worth of tuition, which at Texas’ public universities can set you back an average of more than $26,000.
Pauken is calling for a greater emphasis on the skilled trades - many of which only require up to two years of post-secondary work - throughout the education pipeline.
He made this case at a recent higher-education panel discussion held by the Texas Public Policy Foundation, an Austin-based conservative think tank, where he was joined by Texas Higher Education Commissioner Raymund Paredes.
Paredes argued against the de-emphasis on four-year programs. He said that the state’s problem was not of having too many of one type of degree over another, but of needing comprehensive reform. “We need to improve our productivity in all of these areas,” he said of all levels of higher education.
“College is still worth it,” Paredes said. As evidence, he pointed out that people with advanced degrees have lower unemployment rates and most jobs that pay well require some form of post-secondary credential.
But comparing certain jobs may leave some wondering what they got in return for taking on all that student debt.
In 2009, according to workforce commission data, rotary drill operators — a job that primarily requires on-the-job training — could make an average annual wage of more than $72,000 in the Texas oil and gas industry. That’s more than the average wage of a number of professions requiring master’s and doctoral degrees.
“It’s costing us more to educate people,” Pauken told the Tribune. “At the same time, are we educating them for the right fields where the demand is?”
To provide a better sense of what opportunities are out there for present and future job seekers in Texas, we’ve put together the following graphs and database of the workforce commission’s projections.
In the top graphs, you can see the projections for the total jobs by category in 2018, which professions are adding the most jobs and which will experience the most rapid growth.
Below, you can search different professions based on average annual wages, preferred level of education, anticipated growth rate, expected annual job openings and more.
Choose a Graph:
All Occupation Groups in 2018,
Occupations Adding Most Jobs,
Fastest Growing Occupations
2008 Projections for Texas Occupations with Preferred Education and Wages
Source: Texas Workforce Commission
(Click on the headings to sort the table)
Occupational Title | Average Employment 2008 | Average Employment 2018 | Number Change 2008-2018 | Percent Growth 2008-2018 | Annual Average Job Openings | Preferred Education | 2009 Annual Wages | 2009 Hourly Wages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomedical Engineers | 650 | 1,150 | 500 | 77% | 65 | Bachelor's degree | $66,729 | $32.08 |
Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage | 880 | 980 | 100 | 11% | 30 | Postsecondary vocational training | $65,063 | $31.28 |
Network Systems & Data Communications Analysts | 19,160 | 29,490 | 10,330 | 54% | 1,380 | Bachelor's degree | $76,420 | $36.74 |
Gaming Managers | 20 | 30 | 10 | 50% | 0 | Work experience in a related occupation | $112,820 | $54.24 |
Petroleum Engineers | 13,440 | 20,140 | 6,700 | 50% | 950 | Bachelor's degree | $126,241 | $60.69 |
Athletic Trainers | 1,560 | 2,300 | 740 | 47% | 125 | Bachelor's degree | $45,873 | - |
Loan Officers | 18,730 | 21,980 | 3,250 | 17% | 530 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $67,836 | $32.61 |
Tax Preparers | 6,520 | 6,870 | 350 | 5% | 140 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $37,723 | $18.14 |
Financial Examiners | 2,150 | 3,130 | 980 | 46% | 140 | Bachelor's degree | $76,359 | $36.71 |
Medical Scientists, Ex. Epidemiologists | 3,670 | 5,320 | 1,650 | 45% | 240 | Doctoral degree | $64,386 | $30.95 |
Biochemists & Biophysicists | 740 | 1,060 | 320 | 43% | 55 | Doctoral degree | $85,180 | $40.95 |
Special Education Teachers, Middle School | 6,990 | 9,920 | 2,930 | 42% | 475 | Bachelor's degree | $49,856 | - |
Physician Assistants | 4,100 | 5,810 | 1,710 | 42% | 245 | Master's degree | $88,675 | $42.63 |
Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, & Elementary School | 14,410 | 20,410 | 6,000 | 42% | 975 | Bachelor's degree | $49,127 | - |
Architectural & Civil Drafters | 11,250 | 12,000 | 750 | 7% | 315 | Postsecondary vocational training | $45,546 | $21.90 |
Radiation Therapists | 870 | 1,220 | 350 | 40% | 50 | Associate degree | $77,006 | $37.02 |
Elementary School Teachers, Ex. Special Education | 156,930 | 218,030 | 61,100 | 39% | 9,680 | Bachelor's degree | $49,972 | - |
Physical Therapist Assistants | 3,880 | 5,390 | 1,510 | 39% | 205 | Associate degree | $61,705 | $29.67 |
Middle School Teachers, Ex. Special & Vocational Education | 77,800 | 107,820 | 30,020 | 39% | 4,775 | Bachelor's degree | $50,350 | - |
Electrical & Electronics Drafters | 3,300 | 3,470 | 170 | 5% | 85 | Postsecondary vocational training | $50,408 | $24.23 |
Occupational Therapist Assistants | 1,870 | 2,580 | 710 | 38% | 95 | Associate degree | $65,894 | $31.68 |
Kindergarten Teachers, Ex. Special Education | 14,710 | 20,200 | 5,490 | 37% | 845 | Bachelor's degree | $47,455 | - |
Compliance Officers, Ex. Agriculture, Construction, Health & Safety, & Transportation | 23,120 | 31,600 | 8,480 | 37% | 1,095 | Long-term on-the-job training | $53,368 | $25.66 |
Veterinary Technologists & Technicians | 6,970 | 9,520 | 2,550 | 37% | 430 | Associate degree | $27,417 | $13.18 |
Instructional Coordinators | 11,960 | 16,330 | 4,370 | 37% | 700 | Master's degree | $62,036 | $29.83 |
Audiologists | 520 | 710 | 190 | 37% | 30 | First professional degree | $75,650 | $36.37 |
Cardiovascular Technologists & Technicians | 3,030 | 4,130 | 1,100 | 36% | 155 | Associate degree | $51,381 | $24.70 |
Physical Therapists | 11,880 | 16,150 | 4,270 | 36% | 575 | Master's degree | $83,020 | $39.91 |
Special Education Teachers, Secondary School | 7,420 | 10,080 | 2,660 | 36% | 455 | Bachelor's degree | $50,920 | - |
Personal Financial Advisors | 16,530 | 22,380 | 5,850 | 35% | 765 | Bachelor's degree | $82,967 | $39.89 |
Mechanical Drafters | 7,310 | 7,540 | 230 | 3% | 180 | Postsecondary vocational training | $51,436 | $24.73 |
Occupational Therapists | 7,520 | 10,130 | 2,610 | 35% | 395 | Master's degree | $78,467 | $37.72 |
Veterinarians | 4,150 | 5,590 | 1,440 | 35% | 220 | First professional degree | $99,236 | $47.71 |
Drafters, All Other | 1,110 | 1,160 | 50 | 5% | 30 | Postsecondary vocational training | $52,727 | $25.35 |
Dental Hygienists | 10,310 | 13,870 | 3,560 | 35% | 565 | Associate degree | $66,798 | $32.11 |
Medical Equipment Repairers | 3,970 | 5,340 | 1,370 | 35% | 250 | Associate degree | $39,421 | $18.95 |
Surveying & Mapping Technicians | 8,170 | 9,870 | 1,700 | 21% | 315 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $34,500 | $16.59 |
Social & Human Service Assistants | 16,160 | 19,030 | 2,870 | 18% | 625 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,666 | $14.74 |
Court Reporters | 1,560 | 1,950 | 390 | 25% | 65 | Postsecondary vocational training | $54,345 | $26.13 |
Respiratory Therapists | 8,940 | 11,950 | 3,010 | 34% | 465 | Associate degree | $51,384 | $24.70 |
Title Examiners, Abstractors, & Searchers | 10,490 | 10,930 | 440 | 4% | 200 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $47,118 | $22.65 |
Self-Enrichment Education Teachers | 10,470 | 13,860 | 3,390 | 32% | 500 | Work experience in a related occupation | $35,947 | $17.28 |
Registered Nurses | 166,240 | 219,880 | 53,640 | 32% | 8,270 | Associate degree | $64,667 | $31.09 |
Legal Support Wkrs, All Other | 2,030 | 2,300 | 270 | 13% | 55 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $51,635 | $24.82 |
Museum Technicians & Conservators | 530 | 700 | 170 | 32% | 30 | Bachelor's degree | $38,126 | $18.33 |
Preschool Teachers, Ex. Special Education | 36,050 | 46,830 | 10,780 | 30% | 1,805 | Postsecondary vocational training | $26,695 | $12.83 |
Emergency Management Specialists | 800 | 1,050 | 250 | 31% | 45 | Work experience in a related occupation | $73,708 | $35.44 |
Speech-Language Pathologists | 10,840 | 14,210 | 3,370 | 31% | 530 | Master's degree | $64,990 | $31.25 |
Library Technicians | 4,420 | 5,370 | 950 | 21% | 295 | Postsecondary vocational training | $26,070 | $12.53 |
Coaches & Scouts | 11,860 | 15,520 | 3,660 | 31% | 590 | Long-term on-the-job training | $37,566 | - |
Teacher Assistants | 87,110 | 112,150 | 25,040 | 29% | 4,350 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,453 | - |
Secondary School Teachers, Ex. Special & Vocational Education | 101,530 | 132,570 | 31,040 | 31% | 6,055 | Bachelor's degree | $52,270 | - |
Interpreters & Translators | 3,970 | 5,180 | 1,210 | 30% | 215 | Long-term on-the-job training | $40,321 | $19.39 |
Floral Designers | 4,600 | 4,740 | 140 | 3% | 155 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,753 | $10.94 |
Vocational Education Teachers, Secondary School | 9,660 | 12,590 | 2,930 | 30% | 575 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $52,392 | - |
Fire Fighters | 22,300 | 29,050 | 6,750 | 30% | 1,360 | Long-term on-the-job training | $44,484 | $21.39 |
Merchandise Displayers & Window Trimmers | 10,510 | 12,040 | 1,530 | 15% | 480 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $25,984 | $12.49 |
Sociologists | 100 | 130 | 30 | 30% | 5 | Master's degree | $53,709 | $25.82 |
Public Address System & Other Announcers | 980 | 1,130 | 150 | 15% | 45 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,029 | $14.92 |
Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Wkrs, All Other | 2,270 | 2,950 | 680 | 30% | 145 | Bachelor's degree | $37,010 | $17.79 |
Audio & Video Equipment Technicians | 3,400 | 4,010 | 610 | 18% | 165 | Postsecondary vocational training | $38,162 | $18.35 |
Optometrists | 2,180 | 2,830 | 650 | 30% | 140 | First professional degree | $118,301 | $56.88 |
Cartographers & Photogrammetrists | 740 | 960 | 220 | 30% | 45 | Bachelor's degree | $102,301 | $49.18 |
Water & Liquid Waste Treatment Plant & System Operators | 10,310 | 13,360 | 3,050 | 30% | 525 | Long-term on-the-job training | $33,002 | $15.87 |
Education Administrators, Elementary & Secondary School | 21,690 | 28,060 | 6,370 | 29% | 1,285 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $74,538 | - |
Surgeons | 4,550 | 5,870 | 1,320 | 29% | 210 | First professional degree | $198,281 | $95.33 |
Radio Operators | 40 | 40 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $59,257 | $28.49 |
Sound Engineering Technicians | 590 | 680 | 90 | 15% | 30 | Postsecondary vocational training | $39,879 | $19.17 |
Detectives & Criminal Investigators | 14,890 | 19,170 | 4,280 | 29% | 735 | Work experience in a related occupation | $58,717 | $28.23 |
Social Scientists & Related Wkrs, All Other | 2,200 | 2,830 | 630 | 29% | 175 | Master's degree | $63,525 | $30.54 |
Nuclear Technicians | 70 | 90 | 20 | 29% | 5 | Associate degree | $64,382 | $30.95 |
Internists, General | 2,280 | 2,930 | 650 | 29% | 105 | First professional degree | $178,933 | $86.03 |
Probation Officers & Correctional Treatment Specialists | 5,690 | 7,310 | 1,620 | 28% | 280 | Bachelor's degree | $38,906 | $18.70 |
Public Relations Specialists | 22,820 | 29,310 | 6,490 | 28% | 1,190 | Bachelor's degree | $57,318 | $27.56 |
Anesthesiologists | 4,090 | 5,250 | 1,160 | 28% | 185 | First professional degree | $196,691 | $94.56 |
Educational, Vocational, & School Counselors | 24,650 | 31,580 | 6,930 | 28% | 1,195 | Master's degree | $54,334 | $26.12 |
Survey Researchers | 1,140 | 1,460 | 320 | 28% | 60 | Bachelor's degree | $46,421 | $22.32 |
Family & General Practitioners | 5,920 | 7,580 | 1,660 | 28% | 270 | First professional degree | $181,003 | $87.02 |
Media & Communication Equipment Wkrs, All Other | 460 | 520 | 60 | 13% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $65,791 | $31.63 |
Emergency Medical Technicians & Paramedics | 13,430 | 16,870 | 3,440 | 26% | 620 | Postsecondary vocational training | $30,651 | $14.74 |
Pediatricians, General | 3,360 | 4,300 | 940 | 28% | 155 | First professional degree | $153,470 | $73.78 |
Obstetricians & Gynecologists | 2,360 | 3,020 | 660 | 28% | 105 | First professional degree | $205,813 | $98.95 |
Curators | 540 | 690 | 150 | 28% | 30 | Master's degree | $51,833 | $24.92 |
Education Administrators, All Other | 830 | 1,060 | 230 | 28% | 50 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $73,337 | $35.26 |
Counselors, All Other | 6,470 | 8,260 | 1,790 | 28% | 310 | Master's degree | $57,332 | $27.56 |
Forensic Science Technicians | 1,270 | 1,620 | 350 | 28% | 90 | Bachelor's degree | $46,492 | $22.35 |
Dietetic Technicians | 1,170 | 1,450 | 280 | 24% | 60 | Postsecondary vocational training | $24,469 | $11.76 |
Power Plant Operators | 1,960 | 2,500 | 540 | 28% | 125 | Long-term on-the-job training | $58,688 | $28.22 |
Mining & Geological Engineers, Inc. Mining Safety Engineers | 800 | 1,020 | 220 | 28% | 40 | Bachelor's degree | $96,133 | $46.22 |
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists | 910 | 1,160 | 250 | 27% | 45 | Bachelor's degree | $46,748 | $22.47 |
Computer Software Engineers, Applications | 34,460 | 43,870 | 9,410 | 27% | 1,230 | Bachelor's degree | $91,522 | $44.00 |
Paralegals & Legal Assistants | 17,440 | 22,170 | 4,730 | 27% | 675 | Associate degree | $49,593 | $23.84 |
Teachers & Instructors, All Other | 60,110 | 76,380 | 16,270 | 27% | 2,550 | Bachelor's degree | $25,936 | - |
Pharmacy Technicians | 27,650 | 37,110 | 9,460 | 34% | 1,640 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,097 | $13.99 |
Cooks, Restaurant | 76,350 | 96,950 | 20,600 | 27% | 4,015 | Long-term on-the-job training | $19,404 | $9.33 |
Psychiatric Technicians | 8,630 | 9,890 | 1,260 | 15% | 345 | Postsecondary vocational training | $18,690 | $8.99 |
Political Scientists | 260 | 330 | 70 | 27% | 20 | Master's degree | $58,909 | $28.32 |
Human Resources, Training, & Labor Relations Specialists, All Other | 10,190 | 12,930 | 2,740 | 27% | 540 | Bachelor's degree | $60,645 | $29.16 |
Respiratory Therapy Technicians | 1,680 | 1,850 | 170 | 10% | 55 | Postsecondary vocational training | $43,163 | $20.75 |
Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disorder Counselors | 3,020 | 3,830 | 810 | 27% | 140 | Bachelor's degree | $35,098 | $16.87 |
Compensation, Benefits, & Job Analysis Specialists | 10,340 | 13,110 | 2,770 | 27% | 545 | Bachelor's degree | $59,275 | $28.50 |
Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary | 640 | 810 | 170 | 27% | 25 | Doctoral degree | $61,582 | - |
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers | 3,210 | 4,060 | 850 | 26% | 130 | Associate degree | $60,992 | $29.32 |
Nuclear Medicine Technologists | 1,400 | 1,770 | 370 | 26% | 55 | Associate degree | $64,484 | $31.00 |
Radiologic Technologists & Technicians | 14,540 | 18,370 | 3,830 | 26% | 595 | Associate degree | $52,506 | $25.24 |
Surgical Technologists | 7,690 | 10,350 | 2,660 | 35% | 460 | Postsecondary vocational training | $39,666 | $19.07 |
Area, Ethnic, & Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary | 230 | 290 | 60 | 26% | 10 | Doctoral degree | $58,034 | - |
Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses | 65,640 | 82,730 | 17,090 | 26% | 3,765 | Postsecondary vocational training | $40,708 | $19.57 |
Medical Records & Health Information Technicians | 13,120 | 16,520 | 3,400 | 26% | 610 | Associate degree | $32,147 | $15.46 |
Health Technologists & Technicians, All Other | 5,480 | 6,990 | 1,510 | 28% | 260 | Postsecondary vocational training | $37,052 | $17.81 |
Medical & Public Health Social Wkrs | 7,610 | 9,580 | 1,970 | 26% | 385 | Bachelor's degree | $47,518 | $22.85 |
Training & Development Specialists | 17,190 | 21,620 | 4,430 | 26% | 895 | Bachelor's degree | $52,561 | $25.27 |
Home Health Aides | 92,660 | 143,720 | 51,060 | 55% | 6,030 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,849 | $9.06 |
Orthodontists | 350 | 440 | 90 | 26% | 20 | First professional degree | $181,707 | $87.36 |
Health Educators | 3,430 | 4,310 | 880 | 26% | 165 | Bachelor's degree | $45,476 | $21.86 |
Nursing Aides, Orderlies, & Attendants | 99,320 | 126,160 | 26,840 | 27% | 3,675 | Postsecondary vocational training | $21,609 | $10.39 |
Psychiatric Aides | 5,880 | 6,830 | 950 | 16% | 155 | Short-term on-the-job training | $19,700 | $9.47 |
Accountants & Auditors | 95,910 | 120,340 | 24,430 | 25% | 4,065 | Bachelor's degree | $65,785 | $31.63 |
Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary | 550 | 690 | 140 | 25% | 25 | Doctoral degree | $72,133 | - |
Cost Estimators | 16,050 | 20,130 | 4,080 | 25% | 765 | Bachelor's degree | $60,548 | $29.11 |
Actuaries | 790 | 990 | 200 | 25% | 45 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $104,685 | $50.33 |
Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,390 | 1,740 | 350 | 25% | 60 | Doctoral degree | $77,575 | - |
Market Research Analysts | 16,410 | 20,530 | 4,120 | 25% | 850 | Bachelor's degree | $70,936 | $34.10 |
Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary | 3,550 | 4,440 | 890 | 25% | 150 | Doctoral degree | $91,660 | - |
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 9,080 | 11,350 | 2,270 | 25% | 385 | Doctoral degree | $115,174 | - |
Urban & Regional Planners | 1,640 | 2,050 | 410 | 25% | 70 | Master's degree | $57,012 | $27.41 |
Occupational Therapist Aides | 1,450 | 1,740 | 290 | 20% | 50 | Short-term on-the-job training | $19,868 | $9.55 |
Law Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,000 | 1,250 | 250 | 25% | 40 | Doctoral degree | $112,934 | - |
Power Distributors & Dispatchers | 720 | 900 | 180 | 25% | 45 | Long-term on-the-job training | $56,370 | $27.10 |
Recreational Therapists | 720 | 900 | 180 | 25% | 40 | Bachelor's degree | $35,183 | $16.91 |
Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 320 | 400 | 80 | 25% | 15 | Doctoral degree | $67,501 | - |
Agricultural Engineers | 200 | 250 | 50 | 25% | 10 | Bachelor's degree | $106,669 | $51.28 |
Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 120 | 150 | 30 | 25% | 5 | Doctoral degree | $88,200 | - |
Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary, All Other | 240 | 300 | 60 | 25% | 10 | Doctoral degree | $75,427 | - |
Physical Therapist Aides | 3,180 | 4,490 | 1,310 | 41% | 175 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,176 | $10.66 |
Massage Therapists | 9,800 | 12,090 | 2,290 | 23% | 360 | Postsecondary vocational training | $35,914 | $17.27 |
Dental Assistants | 19,250 | 25,840 | 6,590 | 34% | 1,020 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,095 | $14.95 |
Medical & Health Services Managers | 20,570 | 25,670 | 5,100 | 25% | 900 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $83,943 | $40.36 |
Education Teachers, Postsecondary | 4,440 | 5,540 | 1,100 | 25% | 185 | Doctoral degree | $63,670 | - |
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,090 | 1,360 | 270 | 25% | 45 | Doctoral degree | $79,790 | - |
Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary | 810 | 1,010 | 200 | 25% | 35 | Doctoral degree | $76,581 | - |
Geoscientists, Ex. Hydrologists & Geographers | 9,680 | 12,070 | 2,390 | 25% | 515 | Master's degree | $127,251 | $61.18 |
Business Teachers, Postsecondary | 6,000 | 7,480 | 1,480 | 25% | 255 | Doctoral degree | $97,672 | - |
Graduate Teaching Assistants | 12,200 | 15,200 | 3,000 | 25% | 510 | Doctoral degree | $32,881 | - |
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,830 | 2,280 | 450 | 25% | 75 | Doctoral degree | $84,065 | - |
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,100 | 1,370 | 270 | 25% | 45 | Doctoral degree | $89,620 | - |
Private Detectives & Investigators | 2,730 | 3,400 | 670 | 25% | 120 | Work experience in a related occupation | $47,550 | $22.86 |
Medical Assistants | 40,640 | 54,870 | 14,230 | 35% | 1,880 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,015 | $12.99 |
Medical Equipment Preparers | 2,520 | 3,100 | 580 | 23% | 90 | Short-term on-the-job training | $27,648 | $13.29 |
Employment, Recruitment, & Placement Specialists | 17,110 | 21,300 | 4,190 | 24% | 865 | Bachelor's degree | $58,626 | $28.19 |
Medical Transcriptionists | 5,470 | 6,420 | 950 | 17% | 155 | Postsecondary vocational training | $32,999 | $15.86 |
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary | 2,580 | 3,210 | 630 | 24% | 110 | Doctoral degree | $69,892 | - |
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary | 2,090 | 2,600 | 510 | 24% | 85 | Doctoral degree | $63,257 | - |
Pharmacy Aides | 2,570 | 2,400 | -170 | -7% | 30 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,150 | $10.65 |
Veterinary Assistants & Laboratory Animal Caretakers | 5,000 | 6,220 | 1,220 | 24% | 175 | Short-term on-the-job training | $21,554 | $10.36 |
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, & Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,070 | 1,330 | 260 | 24% | 45 | Doctoral degree | $87,224 | - |
Criminal Justice & Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary | 660 | 820 | 160 | 24% | 25 | Doctoral degree | $62,555 | - |
Anthropology & Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary | 330 | 410 | 80 | 24% | 15 | Doctoral degree | $78,416 | - |
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary | 950 | 1,180 | 230 | 24% | 40 | Doctoral degree | $91,978 | - |
Healthcare Support Wkrs, All Other | 10,700 | 13,300 | 2,600 | 24% | 380 | Short-term on-the-job training | $30,829 | $14.82 |
Foreign Language & Literature Teachers, Postsecondary | 2,280 | 2,830 | 550 | 24% | 95 | Doctoral degree | $61,763 | - |
History Teachers, Postsecondary | 2,240 | 2,780 | 540 | 24% | 95 | Doctoral degree | $69,725 | - |
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,910 | 2,370 | 460 | 24% | 80 | Doctoral degree | $78,323 | - |
Stationary Engineers & Boiler Operators | 2,120 | 2,630 | 510 | 24% | 85 | Long-term on-the-job training | $43,270 | $20.80 |
Librarians | 11,350 | 14,080 | 2,730 | 24% | 575 | Master's degree | $54,199 | $26.06 |
Physicians & Surgeons, All Other | 15,240 | 18,900 | 3,660 | 24% | 635 | First professional degree | $168,006 | $80.77 |
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary | 250 | 310 | 60 | 24% | 10 | Doctoral degree | $74,977 | - |
Bailiffs | 610 | 730 | 120 | 20% | 25 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $40,653 | $19.54 |
Psychiatrists | 1,880 | 2,330 | 450 | 24% | 80 | First professional degree | $150,753 | $72.48 |
Correctional Officers & Jailers | 47,000 | 54,540 | 7,540 | 16% | 1,795 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,248 | $15.98 |
Art, Drama, & Music Teachers, Postsecondary | 5,730 | 7,100 | 1,370 | 24% | 235 | Doctoral degree | $64,699 | - |
Parking Enforcement Wkrs | 270 | 290 | 20 | 7% | 10 | Short-term on-the-job training | $25,658 | $12.34 |
Recreation & Fitness Studies Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,340 | 1,660 | 320 | 24% | 55 | Doctoral degree | $54,672 | - |
Mental Health Counselors | 4,530 | 5,610 | 1,080 | 24% | 200 | Master's degree | $38,612 | $18.56 |
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary | 11,670 | 14,450 | 2,780 | 24% | 485 | Doctoral degree | $100,886 | - |
Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 4,030 | 4,990 | 960 | 24% | 165 | Doctoral degree | $70,599 | - |
Statisticians | 1,050 | 1,300 | 250 | 24% | 55 | Master's degree | $63,616 | $30.58 |
Astronomers | 210 | 260 | 50 | 24% | 10 | Doctoral degree | $87,874 | $42.25 |
English Language & Literature Teachers, Postsecondary | 5,210 | 6,450 | 1,240 | 24% | 215 | Doctoral degree | $63,588 | - |
Civil Engineers | 28,100 | 34,780 | 6,680 | 24% | 1,145 | Bachelor's degree | $87,952 | $42.28 |
Environmental Scientists & Specialists, Inc. Health | 7,530 | 9,320 | 1,790 | 24% | 395 | Master's degree | $73,492 | $35.33 |
Animal Scientists | 380 | 470 | 90 | 24% | 25 | Doctoral degree | $57,545 | $27.67 |
Life Scientists, All Other | 380 | 470 | 90 | 24% | 20 | Bachelor's degree | $57,877 | $27.83 |
Philosophy & Religion Teachers, Postsecondary | 1,400 | 1,730 | 330 | 24% | 60 | Doctoral degree | $67,708 | - |
Animal Control Wkrs | 1,400 | 1,670 | 270 | 19% | 65 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,518 | $14.19 |
Security Guards | 76,480 | 93,780 | 17,300 | 23% | 3,305 | Short-term on-the-job training | $25,198 | $12.11 |
Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 2,170 | 2,680 | 510 | 24% | 90 | Doctoral degree | $74,985 | - |
Vocational Education Teachers, Middle School | 1,320 | 1,630 | 310 | 23% | 60 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $50,821 | - |
Crossing Guards | 3,590 | 4,470 | 880 | 25% | 185 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,156 | $11.13 |
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, & Other Recreational Protective Service Wkrs | 8,950 | 10,740 | 1,790 | 20% | 785 | Short-term on-the-job training | $17,559 | $8.44 |
Chiropractors | 2,280 | 2,810 | 530 | 23% | 95 | First professional degree | $74,590 | $35.86 |
Pharmacists | 20,090 | 24,760 | 4,670 | 23% | 910 | First professional degree | $110,260 | $53.01 |
Medical & Clinical Laboratory Technicians | 12,300 | 15,150 | 2,850 | 23% | 520 | Associate degree | $34,365 | $16.52 |
Financial Analysts | 20,150 | 24,810 | 4,660 | 23% | 830 | Bachelor's degree | $79,865 | $38.40 |
Anthropologists & Archeologists | 390 | 480 | 90 | 23% | 30 | Master's degree | $48,254 | $23.20 |
Nuclear Engineers | 260 | 320 | 60 | 23% | 10 | Bachelor's degree | $109,838 | $52.81 |
Nursing Instructors & Teachers, Postsecondary | 4,470 | 5,500 | 1,030 | 23% | 185 | Doctoral degree | $63,929 | - |
Protective Service Wkrs, All Other | 3,490 | 4,360 | 870 | 25% | 320 | Short-term on-the-job training | $27,145 | $13.05 |
Biological Scientists, All Other | 1,650 | 2,030 | 380 | 23% | 95 | Doctoral degree | $63,825 | $30.68 |
Cooks, Fast Food | 36,370 | 45,160 | 8,790 | 24% | 1,810 | Short-term on-the-job training | $17,166 | $8.25 |
Mental Health & Substance Abuse Social Wkrs | 4,450 | 5,470 | 1,020 | 23% | 210 | Master's degree | $34,615 | $16.64 |
Construction Managers | 73,920 | 90,790 | 16,870 | 23% | 2,260 | Bachelor's degree | $77,494 | $37.26 |
Cooks, Institution & Cafeteria | 32,640 | 39,140 | 6,500 | 20% | 1,485 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $20,741 | $9.97 |
Community & Social Service Specialists, All Other | 2,910 | 3,570 | 660 | 23% | 125 | Bachelor's degree | $35,095 | $16.87 |
Cooks, Short Order | 11,440 | 13,060 | 1,620 | 14% | 455 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,557 | $8.92 |
Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, & GED Teachers & Instructors | 5,620 | 6,890 | 1,270 | 23% | 210 | Bachelor's degree | $44,876 | $21.58 |
Cooks, All Other | 700 | 880 | 180 | 26% | 40 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $17,686 | $8.50 |
Biological Technicians | 3,810 | 4,670 | 860 | 23% | 220 | Bachelor's degree | $35,904 | $17.26 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Food Preparation & Serving Wkrs | 74,440 | 91,210 | 16,770 | 23% | 2,385 | Work experience in a related occupation | $29,419 | $14.14 |
Food Preparation Wkrs | 35,390 | 41,510 | 6,120 | 17% | 1,875 | Short-term on-the-job training | $17,970 | $8.64 |
Flight Attendants | 14,120 | 17,290 | 3,170 | 22% | 630 | Long-term on-the-job training | $46,906 | - |
Bartenders | 28,500 | 35,490 | 6,990 | 25% | 1,715 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,095 | $9.66 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Landscaping, Lawn Service, & Groundskeeping Wkrs | 16,710 | 20,450 | 3,740 | 22% | 555 | Work experience in a related occupation | $36,928 | $17.75 |
Combined Food Preparation & Serving Wkrs, Inc. Fast Food | 247,750 | 326,190 | 78,440 | 32% | 13,100 | Short-term on-the-job training | $17,020 | $8.18 |
Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, & Coffee Shop | 27,600 | 33,520 | 5,920 | 21% | 2,615 | Short-term on-the-job training | $16,744 | $8.05 |
Mathematicians | 90 | 110 | 20 | 22% | 5 | Doctoral degree | $73,679 | $35.42 |
Waiters & Waitresses | 192,340 | 237,660 | 45,320 | 24% | 15,145 | Short-term on-the-job training | $17,889 | $8.60 |
Writers & Authors | 8,130 | 9,930 | 1,800 | 22% | 350 | Bachelor's degree | $55,959 | $26.90 |
Geological & Petroleum Technicians | 6,070 | 7,410 | 1,340 | 22% | 350 | Associate degree | $60,685 | $29.18 |
Food Scientists & Technologists | 590 | 720 | 130 | 22% | 35 | Bachelor's degree | $65,816 | $31.64 |
Tax Examiners, Collectors, & Revenue Agents | 4,460 | 5,440 | 980 | 22% | 260 | Bachelor's degree | $51,974 | $24.99 |
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other | 8,660 | 10,560 | 1,900 | 22% | 340 | Doctoral degree | $69,475 | - |
Construction & Building Inspectors | 6,410 | 7,810 | 1,400 | 22% | 270 | Work experience in a related occupation | $49,539 | $23.82 |
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant | 7,860 | 9,340 | 1,480 | 19% | 285 | Short-term on-the-job training | $19,702 | $9.47 |
Dining Room & Cafeteria Attendants & Bartender Helpers | 34,200 | 41,310 | 7,110 | 21% | 2,195 | Short-term on-the-job training | $16,939 | $8.14 |
Network & Computer Systems Administrators | 29,350 | 35,740 | 6,390 | 22% | 1,130 | Bachelor's degree | $67,635 | $32.52 |
Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners, All Other | 1,150 | 1,400 | 250 | 22% | 45 | Bachelor's degree | $84,947 | $40.84 |
Atmospheric & Space Scientists | 830 | 1,010 | 180 | 22% | 35 | Bachelor's degree | $81,642 | $39.25 |
Logisticians | 12,560 | 15,270 | 2,710 | 22% | 550 | Bachelor's degree | $64,699 | $31.11 |
Transportation Inspectors | 2,690 | 3,270 | 580 | 22% | 120 | Work experience in a related occupation | $57,766 | $27.77 |
Dishwashers | 33,450 | 43,570 | 10,120 | 30% | 2,385 | Short-term on-the-job training | $16,423 | $7.90 |
Hosts & Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, & Coffee Shop | 25,580 | 32,450 | 6,870 | 27% | 2,465 | Short-term on-the-job training | $17,259 | $8.30 |
Clinical, Counseling, & School Psychologists | 7,980 | 9,690 | 1,710 | 21% | 395 | Doctoral degree | $59,593 | $28.65 |
Purchasing Agents, Ex. Wholesale, Retail, & Farm Products | 24,140 | 29,300 | 5,160 | 21% | 1,150 | Long-term on-the-job training | $57,431 | $27.61 |
Food Preparation & Serving Related Wkrs, All Other | 4,830 | 4,970 | 140 | 3% | 260 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,010 | $10.58 |
Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software | 36,000 | 43,640 | 7,640 | 21% | 1,070 | Bachelor's degree | $94,730 | $45.54 |
Airline Pilots, Copilots, & Flight Engineers | 8,730 | 10,570 | 1,840 | 21% | 480 | Bachelor's degree | $121,254 | - |
Janitors & Cleaners, Ex. Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners | 161,170 | 180,620 | 19,450 | 12% | 4,990 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,370 | $9.79 |
Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners | 85,100 | 94,570 | 9,470 | 11% | 2,470 | Short-term on-the-job training | $17,669 | $8.49 |
Education Administrators, Preschool & Child Care Center/Program | 3,730 | 4,510 | 780 | 21% | 190 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $36,812 | $17.70 |
Building Cleaning Wkrs, All Other | 490 | 570 | 80 | 16% | 20 | Short-term on-the-job training | $29,749 | $14.30 |
Pest Control Wkrs | 4,820 | 5,780 | 960 | 20% | 265 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $35,018 | $16.84 |
Soil & Plant Scientists | 770 | 930 | 160 | 21% | 40 | Bachelor's degree | $54,033 | $25.98 |
Landscaping & Groundskeeping Wkrs | 79,240 | 98,640 | 19,400 | 24% | 2,895 | Short-term on-the-job training | $21,973 | $10.56 |
Industrial-Organizational Psychologists | 530 | 640 | 110 | 21% | 25 | Master's degree | $68,225 | $32.80 |
Agents & Business Managers of Artists, Performers, & Athletes | 580 | 700 | 120 | 21% | 25 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $71,631 | $34.44 |
Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, & Applicators, Vegetation | 2,390 | 3,060 | 670 | 28% | 95 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $32,701 | $15.72 |
Tree Trimmers & Pruners | 2,150 | 2,810 | 660 | 31% | 90 | Short-term on-the-job training | $31,998 | $15.38 |
Fire Inspectors & Investigators | 830 | 1,000 | 170 | 20% | 40 | Work experience in a related occupation | $51,747 | $24.88 |
Environmental Engineers | 2,540 | 3,060 | 520 | 20% | 110 | Bachelor's degree | $84,201 | $40.48 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Personal Service Wkrs | 12,930 | 15,570 | 2,640 | 20% | 615 | Work experience in a related occupation | $34,951 | $16.80 |
Grounds Maintenance Wkrs, All Other | 710 | 840 | 130 | 18% | 20 | Short-term on-the-job training | $32,268 | $15.51 |
Budget Analysts | 4,280 | 5,140 | 860 | 20% | 165 | Bachelor's degree | $66,112 | $31.78 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers, Protective Service Wkrs, All Other | 2,940 | 3,530 | 590 | 20% | 165 | Work experience in a related occupation | $46,147 | $22.19 |
Slot Key Persons | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Postsecondary vocational training | $40,076 | $19.27 |
Rehabilitation Counselors | 3,950 | 4,740 | 790 | 20% | 160 | Master's degree | $37,857 | $18.20 |
Social Wkrs, All Other | 3,400 | 4,080 | 680 | 20% | 150 | Bachelor's degree | $45,488 | $21.87 |
Animal Trainers | 2,140 | 2,740 | 600 | 28% | 105 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,694 | $16.20 |
Nonfarm Animal Caretakers | 13,670 | 16,950 | 3,280 | 24% | 630 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,215 | $9.72 |
Gaming Dealers | 590 | 670 | 80 | 14% | 35 | Postsecondary vocational training | $28,339 | $13.62 |
Gaming & Sports Book Writers & Runners | 2,420 | 2,810 | 390 | 16% | 140 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,999 | $11.06 |
Environmental Engineering Technicians | 1,660 | 1,990 | 330 | 20% | 65 | Associate degree | $47,574 | $22.87 |
Gaming Service Wkrs, All Other | 290 | 340 | 50 | 17% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $23,655 | $11.37 |
Motion Picture Projectionists | 920 | 990 | 70 | 8% | 45 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,867 | $10.03 |
Tile & Marble Setters | 4,350 | 5,210 | 860 | 20% | 200 | Long-term on-the-job training | $29,723 | $14.29 |
Ushers, Lobby Attendants, & Ticket Takers | 7,590 | 9,160 | 1,570 | 21% | 635 | Short-term on-the-job training | $16,729 | $8.04 |
Computer & Information Scientists, Research | 1,520 | 1,820 | 300 | 20% | 65 | Doctoral degree | $114,873 | $55.23 |
Meeting & Convention Planners | 5,540 | 6,630 | 1,090 | 20% | 235 | Bachelor's degree | $46,367 | $22.29 |
Computer Systems Analysts | 46,560 | 55,720 | 9,160 | 20% | 1,920 | Bachelor's degree | $80,677 | $38.79 |
Amusement & Recreation Attendants | 15,380 | 18,480 | 3,100 | 20% | 1,105 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,510 | $8.90 |
Costume Attendants | 200 | 250 | 50 | 25% | 15 | Short-term on-the-job training | $27,266 | $13.11 |
Captains, Mates, & Pilots of Water Vessels | 3,110 | 3,720 | 610 | 20% | 190 | Work experience in a related occupation | $84,251 | $40.51 |
Electrical Power-Line Installers & Repairers | 9,440 | 11,290 | 1,850 | 20% | 520 | Long-term on-the-job training | $43,703 | $21.01 |
Medical & Clinical Laboratory Technologists | 12,070 | 14,430 | 2,360 | 20% | 465 | Bachelor's degree | $51,448 | $24.73 |
Locker Room, Coatroom, & Dressing Room Attendants | 1,470 | 1,740 | 270 | 18% | 100 | Short-term on-the-job training | $19,588 | $9.42 |
Entertainment Attendants & Related Wkrs, All Other | 4,250 | 4,950 | 700 | 16% | 290 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $21,934 | $10.55 |
Airfield Operations Specialists | 360 | 430 | 70 | 19% | 15 | Long-term on-the-job training | $51,820 | $24.91 |
Therapists, All Other | 2,110 | 2,520 | 410 | 19% | 85 | Bachelor's degree | $52,421 | $25.20 |
Industrial Machinery Mechanics | 31,780 | 37,940 | 6,160 | 19% | 1,075 | Long-term on-the-job training | $44,608 | $21.45 |
Art Directors | 4,750 | 5,670 | 920 | 19% | 195 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $83,898 | $40.34 |
Social Science Research Assistants | 620 | 740 | 120 | 19% | 35 | Associate degree | $39,236 | $18.86 |
Embalmers | 750 | 840 | 90 | 12% | 45 | Postsecondary vocational training | $37,566 | $18.06 |
Sales Managers | 22,180 | 26,450 | 4,270 | 19% | 905 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $113,657 | $54.64 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Fire Fighting & Prevention Wkrs | 4,000 | 4,770 | 770 | 19% | 280 | Work experience in a related occupation | $66,290 | $31.87 |
Funeral Attendants | 2,140 | 2,870 | 730 | 34% | 175 | Short-term on-the-job training | $19,491 | $9.37 |
Set & Exhibit Designers | 520 | 620 | 100 | 19% | 25 | Bachelor's degree | $42,490 | $20.43 |
Epidemiologists | 260 | 310 | 50 | 19% | 10 | Master's degree | $53,906 | $25.92 |
Barbers | 5,660 | 6,670 | 1,010 | 18% | 185 | Postsecondary vocational training | $32,786 | $15.76 |
Database Administrators | 9,690 | 11,550 | 1,860 | 19% | 345 | Bachelor's degree | $71,170 | $34.22 |
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, & Cosmetologists | 40,870 | 49,000 | 8,130 | 20% | 1,415 | Postsecondary vocational training | $25,654 | $12.33 |
Operations Research Analysts | 6,470 | 7,710 | 1,240 | 19% | 315 | Master's degree | $73,353 | $35.27 |
Police & Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 51,070 | 60,850 | 9,780 | 19% | 2,295 | Long-term on-the-job training | $49,622 | $23.86 |
Materials Engineers | 2,350 | 2,800 | 450 | 19% | 100 | Bachelor's degree | $91,880 | $44.17 |
Physicists | 680 | 810 | 130 | 19% | 35 | Doctoral degree | $84,908 | $40.82 |
Farm & Home Management Advisors | 420 | 500 | 80 | 19% | 20 | Bachelor's degree | $22,763 | $10.94 |
Makeup Artists, Theatrical & Performance | 170 | 200 | 30 | 18% | 5 | Postsecondary vocational training | $28,123 | $13.52 |
Manicurists & Pedicurists | 2,920 | 3,430 | 510 | 17% | 95 | Postsecondary vocational training | $20,318 | $9.77 |
Shampooers | 1,150 | 1,300 | 150 | 13% | 30 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,177 | $8.74 |
Skin Care Specialists | 3,080 | 4,260 | 1,180 | 38% | 165 | Postsecondary vocational training | $29,586 | $14.22 |
Baggage Porters & Bellhops | 1,600 | 1,860 | 260 | 16% | 65 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,998 | $9.13 |
Music Directors & Composers | 4,990 | 5,930 | 940 | 19% | 195 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $53,525 | $25.73 |
Concierges | 1,470 | 1,800 | 330 | 22% | 75 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $24,793 | $11.92 |
Multi-Media Artists & Animators | 4,860 | 5,770 | 910 | 19% | 200 | Bachelor's degree | $55,402 | $26.64 |
Gas Plant Operators | 2,620 | 3,110 | 490 | 19% | 110 | Long-term on-the-job training | $53,399 | $25.67 |
Funeral Directors | 2,040 | 2,420 | 380 | 19% | 80 | Associate degree | $53,034 | $25.50 |
Clergy | 43,480 | 51,560 | 8,080 | 19% | 1,670 | Master's degree | $41,662 | $20.03 |
Religious Wkrs, All Other | 3,500 | 4,150 | 650 | 19% | 120 | Bachelor's degree | $31,295 | $15.05 |
Law Clerks | 2,100 | 2,490 | 390 | 19% | 70 | Bachelor's degree | $37,328 | $17.95 |
Ship Engineers | 700 | 830 | 130 | 19% | 45 | Work experience in a related occupation | $65,488 | $31.48 |
Administrative Services Managers | 25,770 | 30,550 | 4,780 | 19% | 1,015 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $86,542 | $41.61 |
Boilermakers | 4,370 | 5,180 | 810 | 19% | 170 | Long-term on-the-job training | $55,628 | $26.74 |
Directors, Religious Activities & Education | 10,630 | 12,600 | 1,970 | 19% | 410 | Bachelor's degree | $60,636 | $29.15 |
Agricultural Inspectors | 1,080 | 1,280 | 200 | 19% | 40 | Work experience in a related occupation | $39,712 | $19.09 |
Psychologists, All Other | 810 | 960 | 150 | 19% | 40 | Master's degree | $79,337 | $38.14 |
Tour Guides & Escorts | 1,900 | 2,240 | 340 | 18% | 115 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $21,499 | $10.34 |
Food Service Managers | 25,700 | 30,440 | 4,740 | 18% | 975 | Work experience in a related occupation | $53,812 | $25.87 |
Landscape Architects | 1,140 | 1,350 | 210 | 18% | 40 | Bachelor's degree | $61,216 | $29.43 |
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, & Investigators | 17,870 | 21,160 | 3,290 | 18% | 785 | Long-term on-the-job training | $57,817 | $27.80 |
Travel Guides | 60 | 70 | 10 | 17% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $36,439 | $17.52 |
Transportation Attendants, Ex. Flight Attendants & Baggage Porters | 1,330 | 1,550 | 220 | 17% | 50 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,734 | $11.89 |
Child Care Wkrs | 138,500 | 165,860 | 27,360 | 20% | 6,790 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,205 | $8.75 |
Personal & Home Care Aides | 94,530 | 138,530 | 44,000 | 47% | 5,580 | Short-term on-the-job training | $16,211 | $7.79 |
Social & Community Service Managers | 7,170 | 8,470 | 1,300 | 18% | 295 | Bachelor's degree | $53,304 | $25.63 |
Fitness Trainers & Aerobics Instructors | 14,480 | 19,210 | 4,730 | 33% | 735 | Postsecondary vocational training | $35,043 | $16.85 |
Child, Family, & School Social Wkrs | 17,090 | 20,150 | 3,060 | 18% | 735 | Bachelor's degree | $37,227 | $17.90 |
Recreation Wkrs | 13,980 | 17,170 | 3,190 | 23% | 570 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,197 | $10.67 |
Air Traffic Controllers | 2,460 | 2,900 | 440 | 18% | 130 | Long-term on-the-job training | $114,573 | $55.08 |
Residential Advisors | 4,440 | 5,160 | 720 | 16% | 225 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,160 | $10.65 |
Photographers | 11,390 | 13,420 | 2,030 | 18% | 435 | Long-term on-the-job training | $33,395 | $16.06 |
Education, Training, & Library Wkrs, All Other | 900 | 1,060 | 160 | 18% | 35 | Bachelor's degree | $43,526 | $20.93 |
Dentists, All Other Specialists | 450 | 530 | 80 | 18% | 20 | First professional degree | $145,739 | $70.07 |
Personal Care & Service Wkrs, All Other | 2,900 | 3,470 | 570 | 20% | 120 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,136 | $9.68 |
Designers, All Other | 170 | 200 | 30 | 18% | 10 | Bachelor's degree | $38,655 | $18.58 |
Cashiers | 276,070 | 312,940 | 36,870 | 13% | 16,090 | Short-term on-the-job training | $17,540 | $8.43 |
Gaming Change Persons & Booth Cashiers | 430 | 400 | -30 | -7% | 20 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,010 | $12.50 |
Counter & Rental Clerks | 31,180 | 32,560 | 1,380 | 4% | 975 | Short-term on-the-job training | $25,494 | $12.26 |
Parts Salespersons | 16,490 | 17,740 | 1,250 | 8% | 710 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,211 | $14.04 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Construction Trades & Extraction Wkrs | 77,740 | 91,260 | 13,520 | 17% | 2,855 | Work experience in a related occupation | $55,877 | $26.86 |
Retail Salespersons | 361,780 | 416,090 | 54,310 | 15% | 15,520 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,189 | $11.15 |
Advertising Sales Agents | 8,560 | 9,230 | 670 | 8% | 235 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $49,444 | $23.77 |
Insurance Sales Agents | 46,790 | 54,990 | 8,200 | 18% | 1,905 | Postsecondary vocational training | $59,062 | $28.40 |
Public Relations Managers | 2,550 | 2,990 | 440 | 17% | 105 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $104,536 | $50.26 |
Travel Agents | 7,290 | 7,560 | 270 | 4% | 80 | Postsecondary vocational training | $32,058 | $15.41 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police & Detectives | 5,920 | 6,940 | 1,020 | 17% | 360 | Work experience in a related occupation | $73,471 | $35.32 |
Computer & Information Systems Managers | 18,890 | 22,140 | 3,250 | 17% | 630 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $120,325 | $57.85 |
Athletes & Sports Competitors | 700 | 820 | 120 | 17% | 25 | Long-term on-the-job training | $103,211 | - |
Terrazzo Wkrs & Finishers | 350 | 410 | 60 | 17% | 15 | Long-term on-the-job training | $29,677 | $14.27 |
Demonstrators & Product Promoters | 9,850 | 10,450 | 600 | 6% | 345 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $25,746 | $12.38 |
Vocational Education Teachers, Postsecondary | 11,730 | 13,740 | 2,010 | 17% | 405 | Doctoral degree | $50,786 | $24.42 |
Credit Analysts | 6,020 | 7,050 | 1,030 | 17% | 215 | Bachelor's degree | $66,365 | $31.91 |
Models | 40 | 50 | 10 | 25% | 0 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $26,641 | $12.81 |
Life, Physical, & Social Science Technicians, All Other | 6,560 | 7,680 | 1,120 | 17% | 390 | Associate degree | $41,922 | $20.15 |
Arbitrators, Mediators, & Conciliators | 410 | 480 | 70 | 17% | 15 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $52,494 | $25.24 |
Real Estate Sales Agents | 38,000 | 45,550 | 7,550 | 20% | 1,375 | Postsecondary vocational training | $51,409 | $24.72 |
Media & Communication Wkrs, All Other | 470 | 550 | 80 | 17% | 20 | Long-term on-the-job training | $51,773 | $24.89 |
Materials Scientists | 650 | 760 | 110 | 17% | 30 | Bachelor's degree | $81,509 | $39.19 |
Aerospace Engineers | 10,510 | 12,270 | 1,760 | 17% | 395 | Bachelor's degree | $96,807 | $46.54 |
Environmental Science & Protection Technicians, Inc. Health | 3,350 | 3,910 | 560 | 17% | 200 | Associate degree | $43,080 | $20.71 |
Dentists, General | 6,760 | 7,890 | 1,130 | 17% | 305 | First professional degree | $153,632 | $73.86 |
Film & Video Editors | 840 | 980 | 140 | 17% | 35 | Bachelor's degree | $62,134 | $29.87 |
Geographers | 60 | 70 | 10 | 17% | 5 | Master's degree | $60,313 | $29.00 |
Telemarketers | 21,890 | 19,460 | -2,430 | -11% | 550 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,701 | $11.88 |
Management Analysts | 51,770 | 60,370 | 8,600 | 17% | 1,750 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $78,867 | $37.92 |
Door-To-Door Sales Wkrs, News & Street Vendors, & Related Wkrs | 6,320 | 5,850 | -470 | -7% | 115 | Short-term on-the-job training | $35,330 | $16.99 |
Sales & Related Wkrs, All Other | 6,960 | 7,700 | 740 | 11% | 230 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $36,485 | $17.54 |
Switchboard Operators, Inc. Answering Service | 11,710 | 10,910 | -800 | -7% | 240 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,187 | $11.63 |
Fine Artists, Inc. Painters, Sculptors, & Illustrators | 790 | 920 | 130 | 16% | 30 | Long-term on-the-job training | $47,824 | $22.99 |
Telephone Operators | 1,540 | 1,610 | 70 | 5% | 35 | Short-term on-the-job training | $29,163 | $14.02 |
Industrial Engineers | 16,210 | 18,870 | 2,660 | 16% | 680 | Bachelor's degree | $83,638 | $40.21 |
Carpenters | 52,260 | 60,830 | 8,570 | 16% | 1,505 | Long-term on-the-job training | $32,308 | $15.53 |
Loan Counselors | 6,050 | 7,040 | 990 | 16% | 165 | Bachelor's degree | $37,265 | $17.92 |
Dietitians & Nutritionists | 3,430 | 3,990 | 560 | 16% | 170 | Bachelor's degree | $52,384 | $25.18 |
Communications Equipment Operators, All Other | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Short-term on-the-job training | $39,176 | $18.83 |
Financial Specialists, All Other | 7,130 | 8,290 | 1,160 | 16% | 245 | Bachelor's degree | $60,590 | $29.13 |
Business Operations Specialists, All Other | 60,240 | 70,030 | 9,790 | 16% | 2,320 | Bachelor's degree | $68,149 | $32.76 |
Executive Secretaries & Administrative Assistants | 120,360 | 139,920 | 19,560 | 16% | 3,575 | Work experience in a related occupation | $41,963 | $20.17 |
Bill & Account Collectors | 33,450 | 39,870 | 6,420 | 19% | 1,270 | Short-term on-the-job training | $30,237 | $14.54 |
Billing & Posting Clerks & Machine Operators | 41,020 | 48,810 | 7,790 | 19% | 1,455 | Short-term on-the-job training | $31,288 | $15.04 |
Marriage & Family Therapists | 740 | 860 | 120 | 16% | 30 | Master's degree | $46,772 | $22.49 |
Bookkeeping, Accounting, & Auditing Clerks | 143,380 | 163,940 | 20,560 | 14% | 3,780 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,609 | $16.16 |
Payroll & Timekeeping Clerks | 14,990 | 14,430 | -560 | -4% | 355 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $34,708 | $16.69 |
Procurement Clerks | 5,740 | 6,480 | 740 | 13% | 250 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $35,243 | $16.94 |
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, & Hearing Officers | 560 | 650 | 90 | 16% | 20 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $83,169 | $39.99 |
Civil Engineering Technicians | 13,770 | 15,980 | 2,210 | 16% | 480 | Associate degree | $40,558 | $19.50 |
Tellers | 43,840 | 49,680 | 5,840 | 13% | 2,390 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,638 | $11.36 |
Legal Secretaries | 14,730 | 17,090 | 2,360 | 16% | 435 | Associate degree | $42,628 | $20.49 |
Brokerage Clerks | 2,920 | 2,940 | 20 | 1% | 85 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $42,307 | $20.34 |
Butchers & Meat Cutters | 9,130 | 10,580 | 1,450 | 16% | 435 | Long-term on-the-job training | $25,489 | $12.25 |
Correspondence Clerks | 1,020 | 930 | -90 | -9% | 30 | Short-term on-the-job training | $30,986 | $14.90 |
Securities, Commodities, & Financial Services Sales Agents | 28,320 | 32,790 | 4,470 | 16% | 1,315 | Bachelor's degree | $73,133 | $35.16 |
Interior Designers | 6,000 | 6,940 | 940 | 16% | 280 | Associate degree | $48,478 | $23.31 |
Court, Municipal, & License Clerks | 8,220 | 9,780 | 1,560 | 19% | 390 | Short-term on-the-job training | $29,510 | $14.19 |
Microbiologists | 640 | 740 | 100 | 16% | 30 | Doctoral degree | $57,592 | $27.69 |
Sales Representatives, Services, All Other | 44,890 | 51,880 | 6,990 | 16% | 1,815 | Work experience in a related occupation | $59,423 | $28.57 |
Architects, Ex. Landscape & Naval | 11,010 | 12,720 | 1,710 | 16% | 355 | Bachelor's degree | $78,409 | $37.70 |
Credit Authorizers, Checkers, & Clerks | 7,690 | 8,050 | 360 | 5% | 255 | Short-term on-the-job training | $32,396 | $15.57 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Office & Administrative Support Wkrs | 127,980 | 147,820 | 19,840 | 16% | 4,870 | Work experience in a related occupation | $50,039 | $24.06 |
Upholsterers | 2,780 | 3,210 | 430 | 15% | 60 | Long-term on-the-job training | $27,652 | $13.29 |
Customer Service Representatives | 217,250 | 267,290 | 50,040 | 23% | 11,845 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,566 | $14.21 |
Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs | 4,340 | 5,030 | 690 | 16% | 170 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $38,688 | $18.60 |
File Clerks | 15,570 | 12,130 | -3,440 | -22% | 380 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,165 | $12.58 |
Hotel, Motel, & Resort Desk Clerks | 17,240 | 21,760 | 4,520 | 26% | 1,035 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,244 | $8.77 |
Interviewers, Ex. Eligibility & Loan | 17,080 | 21,070 | 3,990 | 23% | 805 | Short-term on-the-job training | $28,364 | $13.64 |
Library Assistants, Clerical | 6,450 | 7,880 | 1,430 | 22% | 415 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,465 | $11.28 |
Loan Interviewers & Clerks | 16,300 | 17,960 | 1,660 | 10% | 565 | Short-term on-the-job training | $36,515 | $17.56 |
Order Clerks | 12,480 | 9,720 | -2,760 | -22% | 355 | Short-term on-the-job training | $29,330 | $14.10 |
Human Resources Assistants, Ex. Payroll & Timekeeping | 10,910 | 10,710 | -200 | -2% | 310 | Short-term on-the-job training | $35,040 | $16.85 |
Technical Writers | 3,420 | 3,940 | 520 | 15% | 105 | Bachelor's degree | $59,864 | $28.78 |
Musicians & Singers | 13,320 | 15,340 | 2,020 | 15% | 475 | Long-term on-the-job training | - | $18.51 |
Receptionists & Information Clerks | 73,250 | 84,880 | 11,630 | 16% | 3,140 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,719 | $11.88 |
Transit & Railroad Police | 730 | 840 | 110 | 15% | 25 | Long-term on-the-job training | $50,281 | $24.17 |
Training & Development Managers | 1,860 | 2,140 | 280 | 15% | 65 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $91,037 | $43.77 |
Reservation & Transportation Ticket Agents & Travel Clerks | 12,490 | 14,850 | 2,360 | 19% | 515 | Short-term on-the-job training | $35,248 | $16.95 |
Information & Record Clerks, All Other | 21,410 | 20,220 | -1,190 | -6% | 605 | Short-term on-the-job training | $35,155 | $16.90 |
Gaming Supervisors | 200 | 230 | 30 | 15% | 10 | Work experience in a related occupation | $36,253 | $17.43 |
Human Resources Managers, All Other | 2,670 | 3,070 | 400 | 15% | 95 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $113,031 | $54.34 |
Cargo & Freight Agents | 9,630 | 12,720 | 3,090 | 32% | 530 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $36,248 | $17.43 |
Lawyers | 44,680 | 51,360 | 6,680 | 15% | 1,505 | First professional degree | $130,854 | $62.91 |
Brickmasons & Blockmasons | 8,810 | 10,110 | 1,300 | 15% | 355 | Long-term on-the-job training | $38,649 | $18.58 |
Computer Support Specialists | 45,710 | 52,450 | 6,740 | 15% | 1,940 | Associate degree | $47,334 | $22.76 |
Couriers & Messengers | 6,890 | 7,440 | 550 | 8% | 215 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,992 | $12.02 |
Police, Fire, & Ambulance Dispatchers | 7,120 | 9,280 | 2,160 | 30% | 360 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,653 | $15.22 |
Craft Artists | 960 | 1,100 | 140 | 15% | 35 | Long-term on-the-job training | $37,682 | $18.12 |
Dispatchers, Ex. Police, Fire, & Ambulance | 19,020 | 19,300 | 280 | 1% | 420 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $37,227 | $17.90 |
Conservation Scientists | 620 | 710 | 90 | 15% | 15 | Bachelor's degree | $59,403 | $28.56 |
Umpires, Referees, & Other Sports Officials | 690 | 790 | 100 | 14% | 25 | Long-term on-the-job training | $26,697 | - |
Meter Readers, Utilities | 2,740 | 2,530 | -210 | -8% | 75 | Short-term on-the-job training | $28,506 | $13.70 |
Plumbers, Pipefitters, & Steamfitters | 34,990 | 40,050 | 5,060 | 14% | 1,210 | Long-term on-the-job training | $42,581 | $20.47 |
Lodging Managers | 3,750 | 4,290 | 540 | 14% | 135 | Work experience in a related occupation | $56,567 | $27.20 |
Postal Service Clerks | 4,350 | 3,970 | -380 | -9% | 95 | Short-term on-the-job training | $52,221 | $25.11 |
Postal Service Mail Carriers | 23,410 | 25,840 | 2,430 | 10% | 975 | Short-term on-the-job training | $49,045 | $23.58 |
Agricultural & Food Science Technicians | 2,590 | 2,960 | 370 | 14% | 125 | Associate degree | $31,687 | $15.23 |
Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, & Processing Machine Operators | 11,080 | 8,630 | -2,450 | -22% | 100 | Short-term on-the-job training | $48,838 | $23.48 |
Production, Planning, & Expediting Clerks | 27,870 | 30,190 | 2,320 | 8% | 915 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $40,455 | $19.45 |
Shipping, Receiving, & Traffic Clerks | 58,750 | 58,170 | -580 | -1% | 1,455 | Short-term on-the-job training | $27,732 | $13.33 |
Computer Specialists, All Other | 8,800 | 10,040 | 1,240 | 14% | 315 | Associate degree | $77,032 | $37.03 |
Occupational Health & Safety Specialists | 5,840 | 6,660 | 820 | 14% | 275 | Bachelor's degree | $59,822 | $28.76 |
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons | 500 | 570 | 70 | 14% | 20 | First professional degree | - | - |
Entertainers & Performers, Sports & Related Wkrs, All Other | 430 | 490 | 60 | 14% | 15 | Long-term on-the-job training | - | $18.89 |
Orthotists & Prosthetists | 430 | 490 | 60 | 14% | 15 | Bachelor's degree | $80,035 | $38.48 |
Stock Clerks & Order Fillers | 133,570 | 154,180 | 20,610 | 15% | 5,135 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,576 | $10.85 |
Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, & Samplers, Recordkeeping | 6,370 | 5,820 | -550 | -9% | 220 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,575 | $12.78 |
Actors | 1,670 | 1,900 | 230 | 14% | 65 | Long-term on-the-job training | - | $19.70 |
Reinforcing Iron & Rebar Wkrs | 4,070 | 4,630 | 560 | 14% | 120 | Long-term on-the-job training | $29,540 | $14.20 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Correctional Officers | 5,970 | 6,790 | 820 | 14% | 295 | Work experience in a related occupation | $46,111 | $22.17 |
Engineering Technicians, Ex. Drafters, All Other | 4,960 | 5,640 | 680 | 14% | 165 | Associate degree | $55,795 | $26.82 |
Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, & Gaugers | 14,520 | 16,510 | 1,990 | 14% | 535 | Long-term on-the-job training | $53,172 | $25.56 |
Structural Iron & Steel Wkrs | 7,450 | 8,470 | 1,020 | 14% | 225 | Long-term on-the-job training | $36,325 | $17.46 |
Compensation & Benefits Managers | 2,780 | 3,160 | 380 | 14% | 100 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $98,559 | $47.38 |
Stonemasons | 1,610 | 1,830 | 220 | 14% | 60 | Long-term on-the-job training | $31,032 | $14.92 |
Managers, All Other | 27,100 | 30,790 | 3,690 | 14% | 1,070 | Work experience in a related occupation | $99,452 | $47.81 |
Medical Secretaries | 35,050 | 45,550 | 10,500 | 30% | 1,520 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,267 | $13.59 |
Graphic Designers | 15,420 | 17,510 | 2,090 | 14% | 685 | Bachelor's degree | $44,350 | $21.32 |
Chefs & Head Cooks | 6,420 | 7,290 | 870 | 14% | 150 | Work experience in a related occupation | $39,759 | $19.11 |
Engineers, All Other | 12,330 | 14,000 | 1,670 | 14% | 420 | Bachelor's degree | $96,593 | $46.44 |
Archivists | 370 | 420 | 50 | 14% | 15 | Master's degree | $48,352 | $23.25 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping & Janitorial Wkrs | 16,230 | 18,420 | 2,190 | 13% | 390 | Work experience in a related occupation | $31,127 | $14.96 |
Secretaries, Ex. Legal, Medical, & Executive | 176,110 | 194,200 | 18,090 | 10% | 4,185 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,974 | $13.45 |
Property, Real Estate, & Community Association Managers | 28,400 | 32,230 | 3,830 | 13% | 875 | Bachelor's degree | $49,419 | $23.76 |
Computer Operators | 6,000 | 5,120 | -880 | -15% | 70 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $35,382 | $17.01 |
Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Ex. Engines | 14,130 | 16,020 | 1,890 | 13% | 460 | Long-term on-the-job training | $39,527 | $19.00 |
Data Entry Keyers | 20,100 | 19,040 | -1,060 | -5% | 420 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $26,053 | $12.53 |
Dancers | 600 | 680 | 80 | 13% | 40 | Long-term on-the-job training | - | $14.08 |
Hydrologists | 450 | 510 | 60 | 13% | 20 | Master's degree | $71,396 | $34.33 |
Word Processors & Typists | 3,340 | 3,210 | -130 | -4% | 25 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $32,539 | $15.64 |
Desktop Publishers | 1,480 | 1,280 | -200 | -14% | 25 | Postsecondary vocational training | $40,595 | $19.52 |
Insurance Claims & Policy Processing Clerks | 11,770 | 13,160 | 1,390 | 12% | 295 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $35,659 | $17.14 |
Mail Clerks & Mail Machine Operators, Ex. Postal Service | 7,800 | 7,210 | -590 | -8% | 140 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,601 | $12.79 |
Natural Sciences Managers | 1,600 | 1,810 | 210 | 13% | 65 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $131,476 | $63.21 |
Office Clerks, General | 239,400 | 279,000 | 39,600 | 17% | 7,220 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,915 | $12.94 |
Real Estate Brokers | 6,120 | 6,920 | 800 | 13% | 180 | Work experience in a related occupation | $89,122 | $42.85 |
Office Machine Operators, Ex. Computer | 5,940 | 5,630 | -310 | -5% | 195 | Short-term on-the-job training | $27,387 | $13.17 |
Proofreaders & Copy Markers | 680 | 670 | -10 | -1% | 10 | Short-term on-the-job training | $27,649 | $13.29 |
Statistical Assistants | 790 | 880 | 90 | 11% | 25 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $47,515 | $22.84 |
Artists & Related Wkrs, All Other | 460 | 520 | 60 | 13% | 15 | Long-term on-the-job training | $55,833 | $26.84 |
Office & Administrative Support Wkrs, All Other | 8,040 | 7,450 | -590 | -7% | 185 | Short-term on-the-job training | $34,230 | $16.46 |
Fish & Game Wardens | 460 | 520 | 60 | 13% | 15 | Associate degree | $48,948 | $23.53 |
Agricultural Equipment Operators | 4,840 | 4,860 | 20 | 0% | 135 | Short-term on-the-job training | $21,425 | $10.30 |
Farmworkers & Laborers, Crop, Nursery, & Greenhouse | 126,030 | 139,050 | 13,020 | 10% | 4,700 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,751 | $9.01 |
Farmworkers, Farm & Ranch Animals | 28,940 | 32,260 | 3,320 | 11% | 1,110 | Short-term on-the-job training | $21,328 | $10.25 |
Forest & Conservation Technicians | 470 | 530 | 60 | 13% | 25 | Associate degree | $36,383 | $17.49 |
Surveyors | 4,650 | 5,240 | 590 | 13% | 180 | Bachelor's degree | $52,514 | $25.25 |
Aerospace Engineering & Operations Technicians | 870 | 980 | 110 | 13% | 25 | Associate degree | $62,338 | $29.97 |
Agricultural Wkrs, All Other | 730 | 750 | 20 | 3% | 20 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,001 | $10.58 |
Occupational Health & Safety Technicians | 1,360 | 1,530 | 170 | 13% | 60 | Associate degree | $49,312 | $23.71 |
Fishers & Related Fishing Wkrs | 530 | 530 | 0 | 0% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | - | - |
Cooks, Private Household | 160 | 180 | 20 | 13% | 5 | Long-term on-the-job training | - | - |
Electricians | 50,640 | 56,960 | 6,320 | 12% | 1,860 | Long-term on-the-job training | $41,571 | $19.99 |
Home Appliance Repairers | 3,930 | 4,420 | 490 | 12% | 110 | Long-term on-the-job training | $33,459 | $16.09 |
Financial Managers | 30,170 | 33,920 | 3,750 | 12% | 920 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $113,123 | $54.39 |
Plasterers & Stucco Masons | 4,060 | 4,560 | 500 | 12% | 115 | Long-term on-the-job training | $33,537 | $16.12 |
Camera Operators, Television, Video, & Motion Picture | 1,300 | 1,460 | 160 | 12% | 45 | Bachelor's degree | $34,865 | $16.76 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales Wkrs | 144,380 | 161,900 | 17,520 | 12% | 4,850 | Work experience in a related occupation | $39,196 | $18.84 |
Glaziers | 5,290 | 5,930 | 640 | 12% | 255 | Long-term on-the-job training | $31,154 | $14.98 |
Physical Scientists, All Other | 1,160 | 1,300 | 140 | 12% | 45 | Bachelor's degree | $86,714 | $41.69 |
Hunters & Trappers | 170 | 190 | 20 | 12% | 10 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | - | - |
Forest & Conservation Wkrs | 290 | 300 | 10 | 3% | 10 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,503 | $13.22 |
Commercial & Industrial Designers | 1,340 | 1,500 | 160 | 12% | 55 | Bachelor's degree | $57,671 | $27.73 |
Marketing Managers | 9,990 | 11,180 | 1,190 | 12% | 335 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $127,077 | $61.09 |
Fallers | 270 | 250 | -20 | -7% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $32,048 | $15.41 |
Logging Equipment Operators | 1,040 | 1,100 | 60 | 6% | 35 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,035 | $14.92 |
Appraisers & Assessors of Real Estate | 7,310 | 8,170 | 860 | 12% | 220 | Associate degree | $51,665 | $24.84 |
Motorcycle Mechanics | 1,530 | 1,710 | 180 | 12% | 50 | Long-term on-the-job training | $33,552 | $16.13 |
Foresters | 170 | 190 | 20 | 12% | 0 | Bachelor's degree | $57,522 | $27.65 |
Log Graders & Scalers | 40 | 40 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $37,931 | $18.24 |
Logging Wkrs, All Other | 120 | 130 | 10 | 8% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,590 | $16.15 |
Carpet Installers | 1,810 | 1,880 | 70 | 4% | 50 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,824 | $13.86 |
Economists | 860 | 960 | 100 | 12% | 35 | Master's degree | $91,815 | $44.14 |
Producers & Directors | 4,820 | 5,380 | 560 | 12% | 205 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $62,107 | $29.86 |
Mechanical Engineers | 18,850 | 21,040 | 2,190 | 12% | 705 | Bachelor's degree | $90,094 | $43.31 |
Motorboat Mechanics | 1,210 | 1,350 | 140 | 12% | 40 | Long-term on-the-job training | $35,059 | $16.86 |
Floor Layers, Ex. Carpet, Wood, & Hard Tiles | 980 | 1,020 | 40 | 4% | 30 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,143 | $15.93 |
Floor Sanders & Finishers | 410 | 490 | 80 | 20% | 20 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $26,413 | $12.70 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Mechanics, Installers, & Installers, & Repairers | 37,840 | 42,180 | 4,340 | 11% | 1,425 | Work experience in a related occupation | $58,177 | $27.97 |
Cement Masons & Concrete Finishers | 19,640 | 22,290 | 2,650 | 13% | 760 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,974 | $13.93 |
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors | 350 | 390 | 40 | 11% | 10 | Work experience in a related occupation | $58,145 | $27.95 |
Construction Laborers | 141,810 | 172,710 | 30,900 | 22% | 4,040 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $23,623 | $11.36 |
Paving, Surfacing, & Tamping Equipment Operators | 6,080 | 7,030 | 950 | 16% | 195 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,617 | $13.76 |
Automotive Glass Installers & Repairers | 1,680 | 1,870 | 190 | 11% | 55 | Long-term on-the-job training | $32,782 | $15.76 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Wkrs | 2,310 | 2,570 | 260 | 11% | 85 | Work experience in a related occupation | $33,279 | $16.00 |
Zoologists & Wildlife Biologists | 890 | 990 | 100 | 11% | 40 | Bachelor's degree | $45,712 | $21.98 |
Pile-Driver Operators | 320 | 360 | 40 | 13% | 10 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $38,236 | $18.38 |
Plant & System Operators, All Other | 360 | 400 | 40 | 11% | 15 | Long-term on-the-job training | $47,340 | $22.76 |
Operating Engineers & Other Construction Equipment Operators | 41,230 | 47,570 | 6,340 | 15% | 1,345 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,847 | $16.27 |
Drywall & Ceiling Tile Installers | 14,650 | 17,720 | 3,070 | 21% | 465 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,104 | $14.47 |
Tapers | 1,040 | 1,240 | 200 | 19% | 30 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,204 | $14.52 |
Farm, Ranch, & Other Agricultural Managers | 9,910 | 10,990 | 1,080 | 11% | 310 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $55,980 | $26.91 |
Insulation Wkrs, Floor, Ceiling, & Wall | 2,620 | 3,160 | 540 | 21% | 140 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,290 | $13.60 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Non-Retail Sales Wkrs | 44,560 | 49,370 | 4,810 | 11% | 1,405 | Work experience in a related occupation | $79,715 | $38.32 |
Insulation Wkrs, Mechanical | 3,250 | 3,850 | 600 | 18% | 165 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $35,304 | $16.97 |
Animal Breeders | 380 | 420 | 40 | 11% | 15 | Work experience in a related occupation | $33,549 | $16.13 |
Painters, Construction & Maintenance | 35,100 | 40,180 | 5,080 | 14% | 1,110 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,471 | $14.65 |
Farm Equipment Mechanics | 2,200 | 2,430 | 230 | 10% | 65 | Long-term on-the-job training | $33,484 | $16.10 |
Opticians, Dispensing | 4,020 | 4,440 | 420 | 10% | 120 | Long-term on-the-job training | $27,627 | $13.28 |
Legislators | 1,830 | 2,020 | 190 | 10% | 70 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $29,263 | - |
Paperhangers | 660 | 600 | -60 | -9% | 0 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,321 | $14.10 |
Pipelayers | 7,730 | 9,450 | 1,720 | 22% | 330 | Short-term on-the-job training | $28,641 | $13.77 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers, Laborers, & Material Movers, Hand | 15,270 | 16,850 | 1,580 | 10% | 425 | Work experience in a related occupation | $41,745 | $20.07 |
Roofers | 8,940 | 9,540 | 600 | 7% | 205 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,066 | $14.45 |
Podiatrists | 680 | 750 | 70 | 10% | 15 | First professional degree | $166,215 | $79.91 |
Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, & Tile & Marble Setters | 4,630 | 5,520 | 890 | 19% | 185 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,541 | $11.80 |
Medical Appliance Technicians | 880 | 970 | 90 | 10% | 25 | Long-term on-the-job training | $35,248 | $16.95 |
Helpers--Carpenters | 3,990 | 5,010 | 1,020 | 26% | 185 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,085 | $11.10 |
Helpers--Electricians | 16,020 | 19,510 | 3,490 | 22% | 685 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,301 | $12.64 |
Education Administrators, Postsecondary | 8,450 | 9,310 | 860 | 10% | 340 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $102,453 | $49.26 |
Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, & Stucco Masons | 2,640 | 2,660 | 20 | 1% | 55 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,511 | $11.30 |
Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, & Steamfitters | 13,190 | 16,160 | 2,970 | 23% | 570 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,543 | $12.76 |
Millwrights | 2,210 | 2,430 | 220 | 10% | 65 | Long-term on-the-job training | $43,962 | $21.14 |
Helpers--Roofers | 1,260 | 1,160 | -100 | -8% | 25 | Short-term on-the-job training | $21,687 | $10.43 |
Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other | 1,870 | 2,150 | 280 | 15% | 70 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,038 | $11.56 |
Health & Safety Engineers, Ex. Mining Safety Engineers & Inspectors | 2,820 | 3,090 | 270 | 10% | 95 | Bachelor's degree | $82,255 | $39.55 |
Telecommunications Line Installers & Repairers | 17,520 | 19,180 | 1,660 | 9% | 435 | Long-term on-the-job training | $42,677 | $20.52 |
Fence Erectors | 3,250 | 3,750 | 500 | 15% | 85 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $25,188 | $12.11 |
Sales Representatives, Wholesale & Manufacturing, Technical & Scientific Products | 33,130 | 36,250 | 3,120 | 9% | 1,075 | Work experience in a related occupation | $86,828 | $41.74 |
Hazardous Materials Removal Wkrs | 5,000 | 5,510 | 510 | 10% | 185 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $32,537 | $15.64 |
Highway Maintenance Wkrs | 3,230 | 3,840 | 610 | 19% | 150 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,842 | $13.39 |
Rail-Track Laying & Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2,320 | 2,670 | 350 | 15% | 100 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | - | - |
Septic Tank Servicers & Sewer Pipe Cleaners | 930 | 1,140 | 210 | 23% | 45 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,689 | $13.31 |
Segmental Pavers | 150 | 160 | 10 | 7% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $34,468 | $16.57 |
Tailors, Dressmakers, & Custom Sewers | 4,700 | 5,130 | 430 | 9% | 95 | Long-term on-the-job training | $28,651 | $13.77 |
Sales Representatives, Wholesale & Manufacturing, Ex. Technical & Scientific Products | 120,400 | 131,310 | 10,910 | 9% | 3,880 | Work experience in a related occupation | $59,224 | $28.47 |
Construction & Related Wkrs, All Other | 4,410 | 5,020 | 610 | 14% | 210 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,798 | $16.25 |
Derrick Operators, Oil & Gas | 8,720 | 8,820 | 100 | 1% | 160 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $41,777 | $20.08 |
Rotary Drill Operators, Oil & Gas | 9,100 | 9,420 | 320 | 4% | 185 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $72,634 | $34.92 |
Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas, & Mining | 19,560 | 21,840 | 2,280 | 12% | 560 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $42,838 | $20.60 |
Bakers | 10,060 | 10,910 | 850 | 8% | 345 | Long-term on-the-job training | $21,747 | $10.46 |
Insurance Underwriters | 5,380 | 5,830 | 450 | 8% | 200 | Bachelor's degree | $62,075 | $29.84 |
Purchasing Managers | 4,440 | 4,810 | 370 | 8% | 160 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $108,086 | $51.96 |
Historians | 120 | 130 | 10 | 8% | 5 | Master's degree | $53,587 | $25.76 |
Earth Drillers, Ex. Oil & Gas | 2,230 | 2,590 | 360 | 16% | 75 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $42,213 | $20.29 |
Explosives Wkrs, Ordnance Handling Experts, & Blasters | 410 | 430 | 20 | 5% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $56,005 | $26.93 |
Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians | 1,230 | 1,330 | 100 | 8% | 35 | Long-term on-the-job training | $35,367 | $17.00 |
Fashion Designers | 250 | 270 | 20 | 8% | 10 | Associate degree | $58,031 | $27.90 |
Continuous Mining Machine Operators | 170 | 180 | 10 | 6% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,191 | $15.00 |
Chemists | 5,410 | 5,840 | 430 | 8% | 220 | Bachelor's degree | $72,188 | $34.71 |
Mine Cutting & Channeling Machine Operators | 150 | 160 | 10 | 7% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $40,912 | $19.67 |
Rock Splitters, Quarry | 490 | 500 | 10 | 2% | 10 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,680 | $14.75 |
Roustabouts, Oil & Gas | 27,420 | 31,220 | 3,800 | 14% | 850 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,985 | $15.38 |
Helpers--Extraction Wkrs | 7,910 | 7,560 | -350 | -4% | 135 | Short-term on-the-job training | $40,292 | $19.37 |
Computer, Automated Teller, & Office Machine Repairers | 12,410 | 12,670 | 260 | 2% | 240 | Postsecondary vocational training | $35,822 | $17.22 |
Radio Mechanics | 480 | 480 | 0 | 0% | 10 | Postsecondary vocational training | $41,148 | $19.78 |
Engineering Managers | 12,540 | 13,500 | 960 | 8% | 350 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $134,100 | $64.47 |
Telecommunications Equipment Installers & Repairers, Ex. Line Installers | 18,010 | 19,680 | 1,670 | 9% | 480 | Postsecondary vocational training | $45,515 | $21.88 |
Sheet Metal Wkrs | 13,580 | 14,610 | 1,030 | 8% | 430 | Long-term on-the-job training | $34,854 | $16.76 |
Avionics Technicians | 2,570 | 2,850 | 280 | 11% | 75 | Postsecondary vocational training | $48,423 | $23.28 |
Rail Car Repairers | 1,980 | 2,130 | 150 | 8% | 55 | Long-term on-the-job training | $41,918 | $20.15 |
Electric Motor, Power Tool, & Related Repairers | 2,580 | 2,830 | 250 | 10% | 115 | Postsecondary vocational training | $31,540 | $15.16 |
Electrical & Electronics Installers & Repairers, Transportation Equipment | 950 | 1,040 | 90 | 9% | 25 | Postsecondary vocational training | $46,389 | $22.30 |
Electrical & Electronics Repairers, Commercial & Industrial Equipment | 5,050 | 5,710 | 660 | 13% | 150 | Postsecondary vocational training | $51,257 | $24.64 |
Shoe & Leather Wkrs & Repairers | 1,930 | 2,070 | 140 | 7% | 40 | Long-term on-the-job training | $22,531 | $10.83 |
Electrical & Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, & Relay | 1,550 | 2,260 | 710 | 46% | 95 | Postsecondary vocational training | $55,250 | $26.56 |
Electronic Equipment Installers & Repairers, Motor Vehicles | 2,220 | 2,370 | 150 | 7% | 55 | Postsecondary vocational training | $27,552 | $13.25 |
Automotive Body & Related Repairers | 11,690 | 12,520 | 830 | 7% | 385 | Long-term on-the-job training | $39,831 | $19.15 |
Advertising & Promotions Managers | 3,020 | 3,230 | 210 | 7% | 90 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $80,433 | $38.67 |
Broadcast News Analysts | 440 | 470 | 30 | 7% | 15 | Bachelor's degree | $80,058 | $38.49 |
Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers & Repairers | 4,410 | 5,090 | 680 | 15% | 140 | Postsecondary vocational training | $31,500 | $15.14 |
Security & Fire Alarm Systems Installers | 4,990 | 6,430 | 1,440 | 29% | 230 | Postsecondary vocational training | $35,168 | $16.91 |
Aircraft Mechanics & Service Technicians | 16,480 | 18,190 | 1,710 | 10% | 490 | Postsecondary vocational training | $50,331 | $24.20 |
Automotive Service Technicians & Mechanics | 55,610 | 62,620 | 7,010 | 13% | 1,760 | Postsecondary vocational training | $37,485 | $18.02 |
Bus & Truck Mechanics & Diesel Engine Specialists | 20,350 | 22,360 | 2,010 | 10% | 665 | Postsecondary vocational training | $38,222 | $18.38 |
Outdoor Power Equipment & Other Small Engine Mechanics | 1,650 | 1,840 | 190 | 12% | 55 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,246 | $14.54 |
Bicycle Repairers | 520 | 660 | 140 | 27% | 25 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $23,391 | $11.25 |
Tire Repairers & Changers | 10,840 | 11,850 | 1,010 | 9% | 325 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,151 | $11.13 |
New Accounts Clerks | 7,370 | 7,830 | 460 | 6% | 255 | Work experience in a related occupation | $30,021 | $14.43 |
Mechanical Door Repairers | 1,210 | 1,430 | 220 | 18% | 40 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,897 | $14.85 |
Control & Valve Installers & Repairers, Ex. Mechanical Door | 5,680 | 6,440 | 760 | 13% | 165 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $41,240 | $19.83 |
Heating, Air Conditioning, & Refrigeration Mechanics & Installers | 25,040 | 32,790 | 7,750 | 31% | 1,180 | Postsecondary vocational training | $38,591 | $18.55 |
Sales Engineers | 4,670 | 4,950 | 280 | 6% | 200 | Bachelor's degree | $95,076 | $45.71 |
Maintenance & Repair Wkrs, General | 102,770 | 121,520 | 18,750 | 18% | 3,455 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,835 | $14.82 |
Broadcast Technicians | 2,590 | 2,740 | 150 | 6% | 95 | Associate degree | $38,282 | $18.40 |
Purchasing Agents & Buyers, Farm Products | 520 | 550 | 30 | 6% | 15 | Long-term on-the-job training | $61,541 | $29.59 |
Maintenance Wkrs, Machinery | 5,440 | 6,150 | 710 | 13% | 155 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $36,554 | $17.57 |
Musical Instrument Repairers & Tuners | 700 | 740 | 40 | 6% | 25 | Long-term on-the-job training | $35,869 | $17.24 |
Elevator Installers & Repairers | 2,150 | 2,270 | 120 | 6% | 75 | Long-term on-the-job training | $60,135 | $28.91 |
Industrial Engineering Technicians | 6,470 | 6,820 | 350 | 5% | 155 | Associate degree | $52,303 | $25.15 |
Refractory Materials Repairers, Ex. Brickmasons | 210 | 200 | -10 | -5% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $37,257 | $17.91 |
Precision Instrument & Equipment Repairers, All Other | 1,840 | 2,100 | 260 | 14% | 80 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $47,853 | $23.01 |
Chief Executives | 18,150 | 19,080 | 930 | 5% | 600 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $172,285 | $82.83 |
Marine Engineers & Naval Architects | 1,000 | 1,050 | 50 | 5% | 25 | Bachelor's degree | - | - |
Editors | 6,830 | 7,170 | 340 | 5% | 215 | Bachelor's degree | $50,247 | $24.16 |
Coin, Vending, & Amusement Machine Servicers & Repairers | 2,540 | 2,760 | 220 | 9% | 105 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,132 | $13.04 |
Judges, Magistrate Judges, & Magistrates | 2,680 | 2,810 | 130 | 5% | 65 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $76,079 | $36.58 |
Commercial Divers | 350 | 400 | 50 | 14% | 10 | Postsecondary vocational training | $59,548 | $28.63 |
Locksmiths & Safe Repairers | 1,690 | 2,020 | 330 | 20% | 60 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $34,116 | $16.40 |
Manufactured Building & Mobile Home Installers | 540 | 590 | 50 | 9% | 10 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $26,050 | $12.52 |
Riggers | 2,670 | 2,840 | 170 | 6% | 55 | Short-term on-the-job training | $40,662 | $19.55 |
Chemical Engineers | 4,830 | 5,040 | 210 | 4% | 140 | Bachelor's degree | $99,069 | $47.63 |
Signal & Track Switch Repairers | 300 | 310 | 10 | 3% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | - | - |
Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Wkrs | 15,210 | 17,200 | 1,990 | 13% | 930 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,779 | $11.91 |
Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Wkrs, All Other | 6,640 | 7,590 | 950 | 14% | 195 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $34,295 | $16.49 |
Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, & Systems Assemblers | 2,760 | 3,180 | 420 | 15% | 100 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $44,371 | $21.33 |
Coil Winders, Tapers, & Finishers | 940 | 850 | -90 | -10% | 15 | Short-term on-the-job training | $29,724 | $14.29 |
Electrical & Electronic Equipment Assemblers | 19,910 | 19,020 | -890 | -4% | 305 | Short-term on-the-job training | $30,266 | $14.55 |
Graders & Sorters, Agricultural Products | 2,500 | 2,600 | 100 | 4% | 60 | Work experience in a related occupation | $19,030 | $9.15 |
Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers | 6,520 | 6,480 | -40 | -1% | 100 | Short-term on-the-job training | $27,922 | $13.42 |
Chemical Technicians | 6,910 | 7,170 | 260 | 4% | 165 | Associate degree | $48,599 | $23.36 |
Engine & Other Machine Assemblers | 3,760 | 3,760 | 0 | 0% | 80 | Short-term on-the-job training | $34,714 | $16.69 |
Mechanical Engineering Technicians | 5,310 | 5,500 | 190 | 4% | 120 | Associate degree | $51,774 | $24.89 |
Structural Metal Fabricators & Fitters | 17,340 | 17,450 | 110 | 1% | 375 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,944 | $14.88 |
Fiberglass Laminators & Fabricators | 1,990 | 1,830 | -160 | -8% | 45 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $26,184 | $12.59 |
General & Operations Managers | 153,780 | 159,070 | 5,290 | 3% | 4,985 | Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience | $110,904 | $53.32 |
Reporters & Correspondents | 4,170 | 4,310 | 140 | 3% | 130 | Bachelor's degree | $38,417 | $18.47 |
Team Assemblers | 59,060 | 63,370 | 4,310 | 7% | 1,760 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $24,563 | $11.81 |
Furniture Finishers | 1,580 | 1,630 | 50 | 3% | 40 | Long-term on-the-job training | $24,651 | $11.85 |
Timing Device Assemblers, Adjusters, & Calibrators | 90 | 100 | 10 | 11% | 0 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $36,073 | $17.34 |
Assemblers & Fabricators, All Other | 15,700 | 17,540 | 1,840 | 12% | 540 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,447 | $13.68 |
Meat, Poultry, & Fish Cutters & Trimmers | 8,670 | 9,780 | 1,110 | 13% | 390 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,989 | $10.09 |
Slaughterers & Meat Packers | 11,520 | 12,680 | 1,160 | 10% | 485 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $23,279 | $11.19 |
Food & Tobacco Roasting, Baking, & Drying Machine Operators & Tenders | 1,040 | 1,120 | 80 | 8% | 40 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,345 | $11.22 |
Food Batchmakers | 6,860 | 8,390 | 1,530 | 22% | 320 | Short-term on-the-job training | $21,495 | $10.33 |
Model Makers, Metal & Plastic | 360 | 370 | 10 | 3% | 0 | Long-term on-the-job training | $36,492 | $17.54 |
Food Cooking Machine Operators & Tenders | 2,620 | 2,960 | 340 | 13% | 110 | Short-term on-the-job training | $21,912 | $10.53 |
Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal & Plastic | 8,900 | 10,280 | 1,380 | 16% | 315 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $34,528 | $16.60 |
Electrical Engineers | 13,860 | 14,190 | 330 | 2% | 355 | Bachelor's degree | $92,327 | $44.39 |
Extruding & Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 7,310 | 7,070 | -240 | -3% | 145 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,914 | $13.42 |
Forging Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 2,280 | 2,030 | -250 | -11% | 45 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $32,075 | $15.42 |
Wholesale & Retail Buyers, Ex. Farm Products | 11,390 | 11,630 | 240 | 2% | 310 | Long-term on-the-job training | $58,026 | $27.90 |
Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 2,560 | 2,370 | -190 | -7% | 50 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,732 | $14.29 |
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Production & Operating Wkrs | 53,980 | 55,090 | 1,110 | 2% | 840 | Work experience in a related occupation | $55,465 | $26.67 |
Cutting, Punching, & Press Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 14,820 | 13,780 | -1,040 | -7% | 295 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $26,905 | $12.94 |
Drilling & Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 1,670 | 1,310 | -360 | -22% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $32,568 | $15.66 |
Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, & Buffing Mach Tool Setters, Oprs, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 6,630 | 5,800 | -830 | -13% | 95 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $26,617 | $12.80 |
Lathe & Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 5,940 | 4,750 | -1,190 | -20% | 95 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,370 | $15.08 |
Milling & Planing Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 1,790 | 1,570 | -220 | -12% | 35 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $35,344 | $16.99 |
Electro-Mechanical Technicians | 680 | 690 | 10 | 1% | 15 | Associate degree | $53,317 | $25.63 |
Electronics Engineers, Ex. Computer | 12,760 | 12,940 | 180 | 1% | 315 | Bachelor's degree | $87,420 | $42.03 |
First-Line Supervisors/Mgrs of Transportation & Material-Moving Mach & Vehicle Oprs | 15,660 | 15,840 | 180 | 1% | 290 | Work experience in a related occupation | $53,313 | $25.63 |
Metal-Refining Furnace Operators & Tenders | 1,570 | 1,430 | -140 | -9% | 30 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,160 | $14.98 |
Etchers & Engravers | 880 | 890 | 10 | 1% | 5 | Long-term on-the-job training | $27,090 | $13.02 |
Pourers & Casters, Metal | 960 | 850 | -110 | -11% | 20 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,562 | $14.69 |
Computer Hardware Engineers | 4,260 | 4,300 | 40 | 1% | 125 | Bachelor's degree | $98,295 | $47.26 |
Foundry Mold & Coremakers | 1,250 | 1,020 | -230 | -18% | 25 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $24,335 | $11.70 |
Molding, Coremaking, & Casting Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 6,170 | 6,100 | -70 | -1% | 130 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $25,541 | $12.28 |
Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 4,670 | 4,200 | -470 | -10% | 90 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,655 | $13.78 |
Crane & Tower Operators | 4,370 | 4,390 | 20 | 0% | 100 | Long-term on-the-job training | $47,465 | $22.82 |
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, & Brazers | 55,820 | 58,140 | 2,320 | 4% | 1,940 | Postsecondary vocational training | $36,905 | $17.74 |
Welding, Soldering, & Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 2,230 | 2,230 | 0 | 0% | 70 | Postsecondary vocational training | $31,881 | $15.33 |
Transportation, Storage, & Distribution Managers | 9,520 | 9,550 | 30 | 0% | 265 | Work experience in a related occupation | $88,603 | $42.60 |
Chemical Plant & System Operators | 10,860 | 10,870 | 10 | 0% | 250 | Long-term on-the-job training | $61,884 | $29.75 |
Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 2,250 | 2,150 | -100 | -4% | 100 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,219 | $14.05 |
Industrial Production Managers | 12,770 | 12,780 | 10 | 0% | 450 | Work experience in a related occupation | $114,091 | $54.85 |
Electrical & Electronic Engineering Technicians | 15,670 | 15,680 | 10 | 0% | 295 | Associate degree | $56,352 | $27.09 |
Mathematical Technicians | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Associate degree | $47,512 | $22.84 |
Lay-Out Wkrs, Metal & Plastic | 1,580 | 1,420 | -160 | -10% | 30 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $35,114 | $16.88 |
Forest Fire Inspectors & Prevention Specialists | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Work experience in a related occupation | $47,277 | $22.73 |
Plating & Coating Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic | 3,100 | 2,950 | -150 | -5% | 85 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,973 | $13.45 |
Tool Grinders, Filers, & Sharpeners | 840 | 840 | 0 | 0% | 25 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,395 | $14.13 |
Metal Wkrs & Plastic Wkrs, All Other | 830 | 890 | 60 | 7% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $37,740 | $18.14 |
Bindery Wkrs | 3,330 | 2,800 | -530 | -16% | 50 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,479 | $12.73 |
Bookbinders | 410 | 380 | -30 | -7% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $44,030 | $21.17 |
Prepress Technicians & Wkrs | 4,270 | 3,740 | -530 | -12% | 55 | Postsecondary vocational training | $32,556 | $15.65 |
Printing Machine Operators | 10,950 | 10,960 | 10 | 0% | 230 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,197 | $15.96 |
Laundry & Dry-Cleaning Wkrs | 17,370 | 18,430 | 1,060 | 6% | 410 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $17,854 | $8.58 |
Job Printers | 2,370 | 2,370 | 0 | 0% | 10 | Long-term on-the-job training | $29,831 | $14.34 |
Pressers, Textile, Garment, & Related Materials | 6,920 | 6,670 | -250 | -4% | 30 | Short-term on-the-job training | $18,025 | $8.67 |
Sewing Machine Operators | 9,770 | 8,790 | -980 | -10% | 55 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $19,447 | $9.35 |
Shoe Machine Operators & Tenders | 740 | 770 | 30 | 4% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,872 | $14.36 |
Machinists | 34,580 | 34,570 | -10 | 0% | 455 | Long-term on-the-job training | $36,637 | $17.61 |
Sewers, Hand | 680 | 700 | 20 | 3% | 5 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,820 | $11.45 |
Cabinetmakers & Bench Carpenters | 11,880 | 11,850 | -30 | 0% | 270 | Long-term on-the-job training | $25,600 | $12.31 |
Textile Bleaching & Dyeing Machine Operators & Tenders | 110 | 110 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $22,386 | $10.76 |
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 510 | 480 | -30 | -6% | 10 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $19,282 | $9.27 |
Farmers & Ranchers | 247,660 | 245,820 | -1,840 | -1% | 1,515 | Long-term on-the-job training | - | - |
Textile Winding, Twisting, & Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 760 | 610 | -150 | -20% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,324 | $13.14 |
Extruding & Forming Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Synthetic & Glass Fibers | 1,210 | 860 | -350 | -29% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,762 | $13.83 |
Tool & Die Makers | 2,100 | 2,080 | -20 | -1% | 15 | Long-term on-the-job training | $43,992 | $21.15 |
Textile, Apparel, & Furnishings Wkrs, All Other | 920 | 980 | 60 | 7% | 20 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,769 | $10.95 |
Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Wood | 3,100 | 2,990 | -110 | -4% | 55 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $23,699 | $11.39 |
Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Ex. Sawing | 7,620 | 7,760 | 140 | 2% | 170 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $22,467 | $10.80 |
Woodworkers, All Other | 260 | 280 | 20 | 8% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,299 | $16.01 |
Patternmakers, Metal & Plastic | 480 | 470 | -10 | -2% | 5 | Long-term on-the-job training | $32,613 | $15.68 |
Chemical Equipment Operators & Tenders | 7,010 | 7,080 | 70 | 1% | 65 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $47,673 | $22.92 |
Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, & Still Mach Setters, Oprs, & Tenders | 2,970 | 3,680 | 710 | 24% | 95 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $36,154 | $17.38 |
Crushing, Grinding, & Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 5,390 | 5,530 | 140 | 3% | 105 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,927 | $13.43 |
Grinding & Polishing Wkrs, Hand | 2,830 | 3,040 | 210 | 7% | 70 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $25,324 | $12.17 |
Mixing & Blending Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 11,470 | 14,440 | 2,970 | 26% | 490 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $29,976 | $14.41 |
Cutters & Trimmers, Hand | 1,390 | 1,350 | -40 | -3% | 30 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,519 | $10.83 |
Radio & Television Announcers | 3,120 | 3,000 | -120 | -4% | 90 | Long-term on-the-job training | $41,943 | $20.16 |
Cutting & Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 5,090 | 5,190 | 100 | 2% | 120 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $24,649 | $11.85 |
Extruding, Forming, Pressing, & Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 5,620 | 6,690 | 1,070 | 19% | 220 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,974 | $13.45 |
Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, & Kettle Operators & Tenders | 1,740 | 1,670 | -70 | -4% | 20 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,676 | $14.75 |
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, & Weighers | 32,830 | 33,840 | 1,010 | 3% | 650 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,164 | $15.94 |
Jewelers & Precious Stone & Metal Wkrs | 3,450 | 3,720 | 270 | 8% | 95 | Postsecondary vocational training | $30,960 | $14.88 |
Dental Laboratory Technicians | 2,280 | 2,580 | 300 | 13% | 75 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $33,343 | $16.03 |
Choreographers | 1,320 | 1,260 | -60 | -5% | 60 | Work experience in a related occupation | $39,823 | $19.15 |
Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers | 440 | 420 | -20 | -5% | 5 | Long-term on-the-job training | $24,398 | $11.73 |
Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians | 2,610 | 3,010 | 400 | 15% | 90 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $24,151 | $11.61 |
Computer Programmers | 32,950 | 31,380 | -1,570 | -5% | 620 | Bachelor's degree | $77,500 | $37.26 |
Packaging & Filling Machine Operators & Tenders | 23,570 | 25,010 | 1,440 | 6% | 540 | Short-term on-the-job training | $25,081 | $12.06 |
Coating, Painting, & Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 8,330 | 9,040 | 710 | 9% | 290 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,689 | $13.31 |
Painters, Transportation Equipment | 4,720 | 5,140 | 420 | 9% | 170 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $35,924 | $17.27 |
Postmasters & Mail Superintendents | 1,280 | 1,210 | -70 | -5% | 25 | Work experience in a related occupation | $60,514 | $29.09 |
Painting, Coating, & Decorating Wkrs | 2,060 | 2,370 | 310 | 15% | 85 | Short-term on-the-job training | $22,872 | $11.00 |
Photographic Process Wkrs | 630 | 640 | 10 | 2% | 15 | Short-term on-the-job training | $29,522 | $14.19 |
Photographic Processing Machine Operators | 3,230 | 2,460 | -770 | -24% | 80 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,650 | $9.93 |
Semiconductor Processors | 4,920 | 3,820 | -1,100 | -22% | 100 | Postsecondary vocational training | $34,543 | $16.61 |
Cementing & Gluing Machine Operators & Tenders | 1,900 | 1,770 | -130 | -7% | 45 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $28,656 | $13.78 |
Cleaning, Washing, & Metal Pickling Equipment Operators & Tenders | 2,210 | 2,370 | 160 | 7% | 60 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $21,906 | $10.53 |
Cooling & Freezing Equipment Operators & Tenders | 470 | 500 | 30 | 6% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $23,480 | $11.29 |
Molders, Shapers, & Casters, Ex. Metal & Plastic | 2,360 | 2,410 | 50 | 2% | 120 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $24,926 | $11.98 |
Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 4,250 | 4,000 | -250 | -6% | 90 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $27,717 | $13.33 |
Tire Builders | 510 | 490 | -20 | -4% | 20 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $23,836 | $11.46 |
Helpers--Production Wkrs | 33,860 | 34,860 | 1,000 | 3% | 690 | Short-term on-the-job training | $21,292 | $10.24 |
Camera & Photographic Equipment Repairers | 270 | 250 | -20 | -7% | 10 | Long-term on-the-job training | $40,265 | $19.36 |
Production Wkrs, All Other | 7,110 | 7,770 | 660 | 9% | 230 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $24,807 | $11.93 |
Commercial Pilots | 4,240 | 5,120 | 880 | 21% | 235 | Postsecondary vocational training | $69,205 | - |
Ambulance Drivers & Attendants, Ex. Emergency Medical Technicians | 340 | 420 | 80 | 24% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $21,858 | $10.51 |
Bus Drivers, Transit & Intercity | 12,970 | 15,100 | 2,130 | 16% | 440 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $32,728 | $15.73 |
Bus Drivers, School | 31,830 | 37,380 | 5,550 | 17% | 1,110 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $23,496 | $11.30 |
Patternmakers, Wood | 250 | 230 | -20 | -8% | 5 | Long-term on-the-job training | $28,463 | $13.68 |
Driver/Sales Wkrs | 33,330 | 37,760 | 4,430 | 13% | 1,040 | Short-term on-the-job training | $24,455 | $11.76 |
Model Makers, Wood | 240 | 220 | -20 | -8% | 5 | Long-term on-the-job training | $33,691 | $16.20 |
Truck Drivers, Heavy & Tractor-Trailer | 148,160 | 169,960 | 21,800 | 15% | 4,830 | Short-term on-the-job training | $36,785 | $17.69 |
Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services | 71,920 | 78,540 | 6,620 | 9% | 1,945 | Short-term on-the-job training | $29,143 | $14.01 |
Taxi Drivers & Chauffeurs | 15,400 | 18,670 | 3,270 | 21% | 600 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,972 | $10.08 |
Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other | 3,160 | 3,510 | 350 | 11% | 90 | Short-term on-the-job training | $31,908 | $15.34 |
Locomotive Engineers | 2,710 | 3,020 | 310 | 11% | 120 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $56,560 | $27.19 |
Watch Repairers | 110 | 100 | -10 | -9% | 5 | Long-term on-the-job training | $27,312 | $13.13 |
Numerical Tool & Process Control Programmers | 1,170 | 1,060 | -110 | -9% | 25 | Work experience in a related occupation | $49,996 | $24.04 |
Locomotive Firers | 90 | 100 | 10 | 11% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $46,751 | $22.48 |
Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, & Hostlers | 350 | 410 | 60 | 17% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $30,531 | $14.68 |
Rail Transportation Wkrs, All Other | 130 | 130 | 0 | 0% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $45,398 | $21.83 |
Sailors & Marine Oilers | 3,570 | 4,180 | 610 | 17% | 215 | Short-term on-the-job training | $39,576 | $19.03 |
Motorboat Operators | 130 | 150 | 20 | 15% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $32,070 | $15.42 |
Bridge & Lock Tenders | 40 | 40 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Short-term on-the-job training | $43,119 | $20.73 |
Textile Knitting & Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders | 350 | 310 | -40 | -11% | 0 | Long-term on-the-job training | $20,628 | $9.92 |
Parking Lot Attendants | 9,470 | 9,850 | 380 | 4% | 380 | Short-term on-the-job training | $19,069 | $9.17 |
Service Station Attendants | 9,890 | 10,930 | 1,040 | 11% | 515 | Short-term on-the-job training | $19,608 | $9.43 |
Traffic Technicians | 380 | 460 | 80 | 21% | 25 | Short-term on-the-job training | $41,154 | $19.79 |
Transportation Wkrs, All Other | 4,280 | 5,010 | 730 | 17% | 230 | Short-term on-the-job training | $31,008 | $14.91 |
Conveyor Operators & Tenders | 2,790 | 2,720 | -70 | -3% | 80 | Short-term on-the-job training | $25,364 | $12.19 |
Dredge Operators | 130 | 140 | 10 | 8% | 5 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $38,075 | $18.31 |
Excavating & Loading Machine & Dragline Operators | 6,500 | 7,270 | 770 | 12% | 265 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,361 | $15.08 |
Industrial Truck & Tractor Operators | 46,010 | 50,070 | 4,060 | 9% | 1,775 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,722 | $12.85 |
Cleaners of Vehicles & Equipment | 28,640 | 30,900 | 2,260 | 8% | 1,245 | Short-term on-the-job training | $19,366 | $9.31 |
Laborers & Freight, Stock, & Material Movers, Hand | 179,020 | 182,840 | 3,820 | 2% | 6,140 | Short-term on-the-job training | $23,016 | $11.07 |
Machine Feeders & Offbearers | 10,330 | 8,830 | -1,500 | -15% | 115 | Short-term on-the-job training | $26,191 | $12.59 |
Packers & Packagers, Hand | 36,520 | 36,480 | -40 | 0% | 605 | Short-term on-the-job training | $20,029 | $9.63 |
Gas Compressor & Gas Pumping Station Operators | 470 | 490 | 20 | 4% | 15 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $48,229 | $23.19 |
Pump Operators, Ex. Wellhead Pumpers | 1,610 | 1,600 | -10 | -1% | 45 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $38,297 | $18.41 |
Wellhead Pumpers | 5,230 | 5,190 | -40 | -1% | 150 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $44,309 | $21.30 |
Refuse & Recyclable Material Collectors | 9,380 | 11,240 | 1,860 | 20% | 460 | Short-term on-the-job training | $28,053 | $13.49 |
Tank Car, Truck, & Ship Loaders | 1,260 | 1,250 | -10 | -1% | 35 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $36,882 | $17.73 |
Material Moving Wkrs, All Other | 5,010 | 5,030 | 20 | 0% | 55 | Moderate-term on-the-job training | $31,182 | $14.99 |